Implements a backend targeting RV32GC and RV64GC, based on Linux standardizing around GC. The assembler is written to make it easy to disable usage of C, but because the sizes of some instruction sequences are compile-time constants, an additional build configuration would need to be defined to make use of it.
The assembler and disassembler cover every RV32/64GC instruction. The simulator covers all instructions except accessing CSRs and the floating point state accessible through such, include accrued exceptions and dynamic rounding mode.
Quirks:
- RISC-V is a compare-and-branch architecture, but some existing "architecture-independent" parts of the Dart compiler assume a condition code architecture. To avoid rewriting these parts, we use a peephole in the assembler to map to compare-and-branch. See Assembler::BranchIf. Luckily nothing depended on taking multiple branches on the same condition code set.
- There are no hardware overflow checks, so we must use Hacker's Delight style software checks. Often these are very cheap: if the sign of one operand is known, a single branch is needed.
- The ranges of RISC-V branches and jumps are such that we use 3 levels of generation for forward branches, instead of the 2 levels of near and far branches used on ARM[64]. Nearly all code is handled by the first two levels with 20-bits of range, with enormous regex matchers triggering the third level that uses aupic+jalr to get 32-bits of range.
- For PC-relative calls in AOT, we always generate auipc+jalr pairs with 32-bits of range, so we never generate trampolines.
- Only a subset of registers are available in some compressed instructions, so we assign the most popular uses to these registers. In particular, THR, TMP[2], CODE and PP. This has the effect of assigning CODE and PP to volatile registers in the C calling convention, whereas they are assigned preserved registers on the other architectures. As on ARM64, PP is untagged; this is so short indices can be accessed with a compressed instruction.
- There are no push or pop instructions, so combining pushes and pops is preferred so we can update SP once.
- The C calling convention has a strongly aligned stack, but unlike on ARM64 we don't need to use an alternate stack pointer. The author ensured language was added to the RISC-V psABI making the OS responsible for realigning the stack pointer for signal handlers, allowing Dart to leave the stack pointer misaligned from the C calling convention's point of view until a foreign call.
- We don't bother with the link register tracking done on ARM[64]. Instead we make use of an alternate link register to avoid inline spilling in the write barrier.
Unimplemented:
- non-trivial FFI cases
- Compressed pointers - No intention to implement.
- Unboxed SIMD - We might make use of the V extension registers when the V extension is ratified.
- BigInt intrinsics
TEST=existing tests for IL level, new tests for assembler/disassembler/simulator
Bug: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/38587
Bug: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/48164
Change-Id: I991d1df4be5bf55efec5371b767b332d37dfa3e0
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/217289
Reviewed-by: Alexander Markov <alexmarkov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daco Harkes <dacoharkes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Slava Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ryan Macnak <rmacnak@google.com>
Relanding 4be50d6fa1 with fixes to DBC
and location summaries: AssertAssignable must save FPU registers.
For now we are limiting this to type checks against type parameter types.
In Dart 1 mode Dart2JS compiles itself in 28s when running from source
and in 23s when running from ideal app-jit snapshot (trained on the
same workload).
Before this change in Dart 2 mode numbers were 51s and 57s respectively.
After this change in Dart 2 mode numbers are 38s and 32s. Meaning
that regression is reduced by 50%.
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/31798
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/33257
Change-Id: Ifb55f86453bfdf36a2e03bcd7f3197cfde257103
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/57980
Commit-Queue: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Régis Crelier <regis@google.com>
This reverts commit 4be50d6fa1.
Reason for revert: Failures on SIMDBC64 and Analyzer bots.
Original change's description:
> [vm] Enable type stubs based type checks in JIT mode for some types.
>
> For now we are limiting this to type checks against type parameter types.
>
> # Performance improvements
>
> In Dart 1 mode Dart2JS compiles itself in 28s when running from source
> and in 23s when running from ideal app-jit snapshot (trained on the
> same workload).
>
> Before this change in Dart 2 mode numbers were 51s and 57s respectively.
>
> After this change in Dart 2 mode numbers are 38s and 32s. Meaning
> that regression is reduced by 50%.
>
> Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/31798
> Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/33257
>
> Change-Id: I34bf5385a5cc3c7702dc281c6dfa89da85d3dde1
> Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/57601
> Reviewed-by: Régis Crelier <regis@google.com>
> Commit-Queue: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
TBR=vegorov@google.com,kustermann@google.com,regis@google.com
Change-Id: I85a30c962b0cd556310e19193f5993ab76ecf2e7
No-Presubmit: true
No-Tree-Checks: true
No-Try: true
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/57840
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
For now we are limiting this to type checks against type parameter types.
# Performance improvements
In Dart 1 mode Dart2JS compiles itself in 28s when running from source
and in 23s when running from ideal app-jit snapshot (trained on the
same workload).
Before this change in Dart 2 mode numbers were 51s and 57s respectively.
After this change in Dart 2 mode numbers are 38s and 32s. Meaning
that regression is reduced by 50%.
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/31798
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/33257
Change-Id: I34bf5385a5cc3c7702dc281c6dfa89da85d3dde1
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/57601
Reviewed-by: Régis Crelier <regis@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Relands 165c583d57
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 1
This CL:
* Adds a field to [RawAbstractType] which will always hold a pointer
to the entrypoint of a type testing stub
* Makes this new field be initialized to a default stub whenever a
instances are created (e.g. via Type::New(), snapshot reader, ...)
* Makes the clustered snapshotter write a reference to the
corresponding [RawInstructions] object when writing the field and do
the reverse when reading it.
* Makes us call the type testing stub for performing assert-assignable
checks.
To reduce unnecessary loads on callsites, we store the entrypoint of the
type testing stubs directly in the type objects. This means that the
caller of type testing stubs can simply branch there without populating
a code object first. This also means that the type testing stubs
themselves have no access to a pool and we therefore also don't hold on
to the [Code] object, only the [Instruction] object is necessary.
The type testing stubs do not setup a frame themselves and also have no
safepoint. In the case when the type testing stubs could not determine
a positive answer they will tail-call a general-purpose stub.
The general-purpose stub sets up a stub frame, tries to consult a
[SubtypeTestCache] and bails out to runtime if this was unsuccessful.
This CL is just the the first, for ease of reviewing. The actual
type-specialized type testing stubs will be generated in later CLs.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44787
Relands f226c22424
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 2
This CL starts building type testing stubs specialzed for [Type] objects
we test against.
More specifically, it adds support for:
* Handling obvious fast cases on the call sites (while still having a
call to stub for negative case)
* Handling type tests against type parameters, by loading the value
of the type parameter on the call sites and invoking it's type testing stub.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subtype-checks.
==> e.g. String/List<dynamic>
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the type arguments.
==> e.g. Widget<State>, where we know [Widget] is only extended and not
implemented.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for certain non-instantiated types where we
can do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the instantiated type arguments and
cid based comparisons for type parameters. (Note that this fast-case migth
result in some false-negatives!)
==> e.g. _HashMapEntry<K, V>, where we know [_HashMapEntry] is only
extended and not implemented.
This optimizes cases where the caller uses `new HashMap<A, B>()` and only
uses `A` and `B` as key/values (and not subclasses of it). The false-negative
can occur when subtypes of A or B are used. In such cases we fall back to the
[SubtypeTestCache]-based imlementation.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44788
Relands 25f98bcc75
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 3
The changes include:
* Make AssertAssignableInstr no longer have a call-summary, which
helps methods with several parameter checks by not having to
re-load/re-initialize type arguments registers
* Lazily create SubtypeTestCaches: We already go to runtime to warm up
the caches, so we now also create the caches on the first runtime
call and patch the pool entries.
* No longer load the destination name into a register: We only need
the name when we throw an exception, so it is not on the hot path.
Instead we let the runtime look at the call site, decoding a pool
index from the instructions stream. The destination name will be
available in the pool, at a consecutive index to the subtype cache.
* Remove the fall-through to N=1 case for probing subtypeing tests,
since those will always be handled by the optimized stubs.
* Do not generate optimized stubs for FutureOr<T> (so far it just
falled-through to TTS). We can make optimzed version of that later,
but it requires special subtyping rules.
* Local code quality improvement in the type-testing-stubs: Avoid
extra jump at last case of cid-class-range checks.
There are still a number of optimization opportunities we can do in
future changes.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/46984
Relands 2c52480ec8
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 4
In order to avoid generating type testing stubs for too many types in
the system - and thereby potentially cause an increase in code size -
this change introduces a smarter way to decide for which types we should
generate optimized type testing stubs.
The precompiler creates a [TypeUsageInfo] which we use to collect
information. More specifically:
a) We collect the destination types for all type checks we emit
(we do this inside AssertAssignableInstr::EmitNativeCode).
-> These are types we might want to generate optimized type testing
stubs for.
b) We collect type argument vectors used in instance creations (we do
this inside AllocateObjectInstr::EmitNativeCode) and keep a set of
of used type argument vectors for each class.
After the precompiler has finished compiling normal code we scan the set
of destination types collected in a) for uninstantiated types (or more
specifically, type parameter types).
We then propagate the type argument vectors used on object allocation sites,
which were collected in b), in order to find out what kind of types are flowing
into those type parameters.
This allows us to extend the set of types which we test against, by
adding the types that flow into type parameters.
We use this final augmented set of destination types as a "filter" when
making the decision whether to generate an optimized type testing stub
for a given type.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/48640
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/32603
Closes https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/32852
Change-Id: Ib79fbe7f043aa88f32bddad62d7656c638914b44
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/50944
Commit-Queue: Martin Kustermann <kustermann@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Régis Crelier <regis@google.com>
Relands 165c583d57
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 1
This CL:
* Adds a field to [RawAbstractType] which will always hold a pointer
to the entrypoint of a type testing stub
* Makes this new field be initialized to a default stub whenever a
instances are created (e.g. via Type::New(), snapshot reader, ...)
* Makes the clustered snapshotter write a reference to the
corresponding [RawInstructions] object when writing the field and do
the reverse when reading it.
* Makes us call the type testing stub for performing assert-assignable
checks.
To reduce unnecessary loads on callsites, we store the entrypoint of the
type testing stubs directly in the type objects. This means that the
caller of type testing stubs can simply branch there without populating
a code object first. This also means that the type testing stubs
themselves have no access to a pool and we therefore also don't hold on
to the [Code] object, only the [Instruction] object is necessary.
The type testing stubs do not setup a frame themselves and also have no
safepoint. In the case when the type testing stubs could not determine
a positive answer they will tail-call a general-purpose stub.
The general-purpose stub sets up a stub frame, tries to consult a
[SubtypeTestCache] and bails out to runtime if this was unsuccessful.
This CL is just the the first, for ease of reviewing. The actual
type-specialized type testing stubs will be generated in later CLs.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44787
Relands f226c22424
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 2
This CL starts building type testing stubs specialzed for [Type] objects
we test against.
More specifically, it adds support for:
* Handling obvious fast cases on the call sites (while still having a
call to stub for negative case)
* Handling type tests against type parameters, by loading the value
of the type parameter on the call sites and invoking it's type testing stub.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subtype-checks.
==> e.g. String/List<dynamic>
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the type arguments.
==> e.g. Widget<State>, where we know [Widget] is only extended and not
implemented.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for certain non-instantiated types where we
can do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the instantiated type arguments and
cid based comparisons for type parameters. (Note that this fast-case migth
result in some false-negatives!)
==> e.g. _HashMapEntry<K, V>, where we know [_HashMapEntry] is only
extended and not implemented.
This optimizes cases where the caller uses `new HashMap<A, B>()` and only
uses `A` and `B` as key/values (and not subclasses of it). The false-negative
can occur when subtypes of A or B are used. In such cases we fall back to the
[SubtypeTestCache]-based imlementation.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44788
Relands 25f98bcc75
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 3
The changes include:
* Make AssertAssignableInstr no longer have a call-summary, which
helps methods with several parameter checks by not having to
re-load/re-initialize type arguments registers
* Lazily create SubtypeTestCaches: We already go to runtime to warm up
the caches, so we now also create the caches on the first runtime
call and patch the pool entries.
* No longer load the destination name into a register: We only need
the name when we throw an exception, so it is not on the hot path.
Instead we let the runtime look at the call site, decoding a pool
index from the instructions stream. The destination name will be
available in the pool, at a consecutive index to the subtype cache.
* Remove the fall-through to N=1 case for probing subtypeing tests,
since those will always be handled by the optimized stubs.
* Do not generate optimized stubs for FutureOr<T> (so far it just
falled-through to TTS). We can make optimzed version of that later,
but it requires special subtyping rules.
* Local code quality improvement in the type-testing-stubs: Avoid
extra jump at last case of cid-class-range checks.
There are still a number of optimization opportunities we can do in
future changes.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/46984
Relands 2c52480ec8
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 4
In order to avoid generating type testing stubs for too many types in
the system - and thereby potentially cause an increase in code size -
this change introduces a smarter way to decide for which types we should
generate optimized type testing stubs.
The precompiler creates a [TypeUsageInfo] which we use to collect
information. More specifically:
a) We collect the destination types for all type checks we emit
(we do this inside AssertAssignableInstr::EmitNativeCode).
-> These are types we might want to generate optimized type testing
stubs for.
b) We collect type argument vectors used in instance creations (we do
this inside AllocateObjectInstr::EmitNativeCode) and keep a set of
of used type argument vectors for each class.
After the precompiler has finished compiling normal code we scan the set
of destination types collected in a) for uninstantiated types (or more
specifically, type parameter types).
We then propagate the type argument vectors used on object allocation sites,
which were collected in b), in order to find out what kind of types are flowing
into those type parameters.
This allows us to extend the set of types which we test against, by
adding the types that flow into type parameters.
We use this final augmented set of destination types as a "filter" when
making the decision whether to generate an optimized type testing stub
for a given type.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/48640
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/32603
Change-Id: I6d33d4ca3d5187a1eb1664078c003061855f0160
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/50482
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Martin Kustermann <kustermann@google.com>
Relands 165c583d57
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 1
This CL:
* Adds a field to [RawAbstractType] which will always hold a pointer
to the entrypoint of a type testing stub
* Makes this new field be initialized to a default stub whenever a
instances are created (e.g. via Type::New(), snapshot reader, ...)
* Makes the clustered snapshotter write a reference to the
corresponding [RawInstructions] object when writing the field and do
the reverse when reading it.
* Makes us call the type testing stub for performing assert-assignable
checks.
To reduce unnecessary loads on callsites, we store the entrypoint of the
type testing stubs directly in the type objects. This means that the
caller of type testing stubs can simply branch there without populating
a code object first. This also means that the type testing stubs
themselves have no access to a pool and we therefore also don't hold on
to the [Code] object, only the [Instruction] object is necessary.
The type testing stubs do not setup a frame themselves and also have no
safepoint. In the case when the type testing stubs could not determine
a positive answer they will tail-call a general-purpose stub.
The general-purpose stub sets up a stub frame, tries to consult a
[SubtypeTestCache] and bails out to runtime if this was unsuccessful.
This CL is just the the first, for ease of reviewing. The actual
type-specialized type testing stubs will be generated in later CLs.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44787
Relands f226c22424
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 2
This CL starts building type testing stubs specialzed for [Type] objects
we test against.
More specifically, it adds support for:
* Handling obvious fast cases on the call sites (while still having a
call to stub for negative case)
* Handling type tests against type parameters, by loading the value
of the type parameter on the call sites and invoking it's type testing stub.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subtype-checks.
==> e.g. String/List<dynamic>
* Specialzed type testing stubs for instantiated types where we can
do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the type arguments.
==> e.g. Widget<State>, where we know [Widget] is only extended and not
implemented.
* Specialzed type testing stubs for certain non-instantiated types where we
can do [CidRange]-based subclass-checks for the class and
[CidRange]-based subtype-checks for the instantiated type arguments and
cid based comparisons for type parameters. (Note that this fast-case migth
result in some false-negatives!)
==> e.g. _HashMapEntry<K, V>, where we know [_HashMapEntry] is only
extended and not implemented.
This optimizes cases where the caller uses `new HashMap<A, B>()` and only
uses `A` and `B` as key/values (and not subclasses of it). The false-negative
can occur when subtypes of A or B are used. In such cases we fall back to the
[SubtypeTestCache]-based imlementation.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/44788
Relands 25f98bcc75
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 3
The changes include:
* Make AssertAssignableInstr no longer have a call-summary, which
helps methods with several parameter checks by not having to
re-load/re-initialize type arguments registers
* Lazily create SubtypeTestCaches: We already go to runtime to warm up
the caches, so we now also create the caches on the first runtime
call and patch the pool entries.
* No longer load the destination name into a register: We only need
the name when we throw an exception, so it is not on the hot path.
Instead we let the runtime look at the call site, decoding a pool
index from the instructions stream. The destination name will be
available in the pool, at a consecutive index to the subtype cache.
* Remove the fall-through to N=1 case for probing subtypeing tests,
since those will always be handled by the optimized stubs.
* Do not generate optimized stubs for FutureOr<T> (so far it just
falled-through to TTS). We can make optimzed version of that later,
but it requires special subtyping rules.
* Local code quality improvement in the type-testing-stubs: Avoid
extra jump at last case of cid-class-range checks.
There are still a number of optimization opportunities we can do in
future changes.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/46984
Relands 2c52480ec8
[VM] Introduction of type testing stubs - Part 4
In order to avoid generating type testing stubs for too many types in
the system - and thereby potentially cause an increase in code size -
this change introduces a smarter way to decide for which types we should
generate optimized type testing stubs.
The precompiler creates a [TypeUsageInfo] which we use to collect
information. More specifically:
a) We collect the destination types for all type checks we emit
(we do this inside AssertAssignableInstr::EmitNativeCode).
-> These are types we might want to generate optimized type testing
stubs for.
b) We collect type argument vectors used in instance creations (we do
this inside AllocateObjectInstr::EmitNativeCode) and keep a set of
of used type argument vectors for each class.
After the precompiler has finished compiling normal code we scan the set
of destination types collected in a) for uninstantiated types (or more
specifically, type parameter types).
We then propagate the type argument vectors used on object allocation sites,
which were collected in b), in order to find out what kind of types are flowing
into those type parameters.
This allows us to extend the set of types which we test against, by
adding the types that flow into type parameters.
We use this final augmented set of destination types as a "filter" when
making the decision whether to generate an optimized type testing stub
for a given type.
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/48640
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/32603
Change-Id: I44a1d5d4b27454ae026aef2a301aada3dd399ea0
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/49861
Commit-Queue: Martin Kustermann <kustermann@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
The changes include:
* Make AssertAssignableInstr no longer have a call-summary, which
helps methods with several parameter checks by not having to
re-load/re-initialize type arguments registers
* Lazily create SubtypeTestCaches: We already go to runtime to warm up
the caches, so we now also create the caches on the first runtime
call and patch the pool entries.
* No longer load the destination name into a register: We only need
the name when we throw an exception, so it is not on the hot path.
Instead we let the runtime look at the call site, decoding a pool
index from the instructions stream. The destination name will be
available in the pool, at a consecutive index to the subtype cache.
* Remove the fall-through to N=1 case for probing subtypeing tests,
since those will always be handled by the optimized stubs.
* Do not generate optimized stubs for FutureOr<T> (so far it just
falled-through to TTS). We can make optimzed version of that later,
but it requires special subtyping rules.
* Local code quality improvement in the type-testing-stubs: Avoid
extra jump at last case of cid-class-range checks.
There are still a number of optimization opportunities we can do in
future changes.
Issue https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/31798
Change-Id: I4dc5a8a49f939178fe74d44736ef69e4b9088e46
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/46984
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Régis Crelier <regis@google.com>
i.e. #ifndef VM_WHATEVER -> #ifndef RUNTIME_VM_WHATEVER
This lets us remove a hack from the PRESUBMIT.py script that existed
for reasons that are no longer valid, and sets us up to add some
presubmit checks for the GN build.
R=asiva@google.com, rmacnak@google.com
Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/2450713004 .
Ryan Macnak