diff --git a/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/il.h b/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/il.h
index a54b9454a44..50a2883c9d0 100644
--- a/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/il.h
+++ b/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/il.h
@@ -2221,11 +2221,12 @@ class PhiInstr : public Definition {
 };
 
 // This instruction represents an incomming parameter for a function entry,
-// or incomming value for OSR entry or incomming value for a catch entry.
-// When [base_reg] is set to FPREG [index] corresponds to environment
-// variable index (0 is the very first parameter, 1 is next and so on).
-// When [base_reg] is set to SPREG [index] corresponds to SP relative parameter
-// indices (0 is the very last parameter, 1 is next and so on).
+// or incoming value for OSR entry or incomming value for a catch entry.
+// Value [index] always denotes the position of the parameter. When [base_reg]
+// is set to FPREG, value [index] corresponds to environment variable index
+// (0 is the very first parameter, 1 is next and so on). When [base_reg] is
+// set to SPREG, value [index] needs to be reversed (0 is the very last
+// parameter, 1 is next and so on) to get the sp relative position.
 class ParameterInstr : public Definition {
  public:
   ParameterInstr(intptr_t index,
diff --git a/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/linearscan.cc b/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/linearscan.cc
index b777be2ad21..87d354bb5d7 100644
--- a/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/linearscan.cc
+++ b/runtime/vm/compiler/backend/linearscan.cc
@@ -738,10 +738,14 @@ void FlowGraphAllocator::ProcessInitialDefinition(Definition* defn,
     ParameterInstr* param = defn->AsParameter();
     intptr_t slot_index = param->index();
     ASSERT(slot_index >= 0);
-    ASSERT((param->base_reg() == FPREG) || (param->base_reg() == SPREG));
     if (param->base_reg() == FPREG) {
       // Slot index for the rightmost fixed parameter is -1.
       slot_index -= flow_graph_.num_direct_parameters();
+    } else {
+      // Slot index for a "frameless" parameter is reversed.
+      ASSERT(param->base_reg() == SPREG);
+      ASSERT(slot_index < flow_graph_.num_direct_parameters());
+      slot_index = flow_graph_.num_direct_parameters() - 1 - slot_index;
     }
 
 #if defined(TARGET_ARCH_DBC)
diff --git a/runtime/vm/compiler/graph_intrinsifier.cc b/runtime/vm/compiler/graph_intrinsifier.cc
index 5c51441b8e3..db4e7dc7278 100644
--- a/runtime/vm/compiler/graph_intrinsifier.cc
+++ b/runtime/vm/compiler/graph_intrinsifier.cc
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ static bool IntrinsifyArrayGetIndexed(FlowGraph* flow_graph,
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index = PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, array, index,
                            Slot::GetLengthFieldForArrayCid(array_cid));
@@ -269,9 +269,9 @@ static bool IntrinsifyArraySetIndexed(FlowGraph* flow_graph,
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
   Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index = PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, array, index,
                            Slot::GetLengthFieldForArrayCid(array_cid));
@@ -473,8 +473,8 @@ static bool BuildCodeUnitAt(FlowGraph* flow_graph, intptr_t cid) {
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* str = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* str = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index =
       PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, str, index, Slot::String_length());
@@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ static bool BuildSimdOp(FlowGraph* flow_graph, intptr_t cid, Token::Kind kind) {
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* right = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* left = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* left = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* right = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   Cids* value_check = Cids::CreateMonomorphic(zone, cid);
   // Check argument. Receiver (left) is known to be a Float32x4.
@@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ bool GraphIntrinsifier::Build_GrowableArrayGetIndexed(FlowGraph* flow_graph) {
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index = PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, growable_array, index,
                            Slot::GrowableObjectArray_length());
@@ -707,9 +707,9 @@ bool GraphIntrinsifier::Build_ObjectArraySetIndexedUnchecked(
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
   Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index = PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, array, index,
                            Slot::Array_length());
@@ -738,9 +738,9 @@ bool GraphIntrinsifier::Build_GrowableArraySetIndexedUnchecked(
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
   Definition* index = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* array = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* value = builder.AddParameter(2, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   index = PrepareIndexedOp(flow_graph, &builder, array, index,
                            Slot::GrowableObjectArray_length());
@@ -764,8 +764,8 @@ bool GraphIntrinsifier::Build_GrowableArraySetData(FlowGraph* flow_graph) {
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* data = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* data = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
   Zone* zone = flow_graph->zone();
 
   Cids* value_check = Cids::CreateMonomorphic(zone, kArrayCid);
@@ -786,8 +786,8 @@ bool GraphIntrinsifier::Build_GrowableArraySetLength(FlowGraph* flow_graph) {
   auto normal_entry = graph_entry->normal_entry();
   BlockBuilder builder(flow_graph, normal_entry);
 
-  Definition* length = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
-  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* growable_array = builder.AddParameter(0, /*with_frame=*/false);
+  Definition* length = builder.AddParameter(1, /*with_frame=*/false);
 
   builder.AddInstruction(
       new CheckSmiInstr(new Value(length), DeoptId::kNone, builder.TokenPos()));
@@ -829,9 +829,7 @@ static bool BuildInvokeMathCFunction(BlockBuilder* builder,
       new ZoneGrowableArray<Value*>(num_parameters);
 
   for (intptr_t i = 0; i < num_parameters; i++) {
-    const intptr_t parameter_index = (num_parameters - i - 1);
-    Definition* value =
-        builder->AddParameter(parameter_index, /*with_frame=*/false);
+    Definition* value = builder->AddParameter(i, /*with_frame=*/false);
     Definition* unboxed_value =
         builder->AddUnboxInstr(kUnboxedDouble, value, /* is_checked = */ false);
     args->Add(new Value(unboxed_value));
diff --git a/tests/language_2/vm/regression_37408_test.dart b/tests/language_2/vm/regression_37408_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4a295a565c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/language_2/vm/regression_37408_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Issue #37408: AOT did not throw.
+
+import "package:expect/expect.dart";
+
+import 'dart:math';
+
+String var0 = '5Zso';
+
+double foo2(String par1) {
+  return atan2(0.16964141699241508, num.tryParse('\u2665vDil'));
+}
+
+class X0 {
+  void run() {
+    foo2(var0);
+  }
+}
+
+main() {
+  bool x = false;
+  try {
+    new X0().run();
+  } catch (exception, stackTrace) {
+    x = true;
+  }
+  Expect.isTrue(x);
+}