[vm] Revert caching of default type arguments within closure.

Since we already cache instantiation of type argument vectors to avoid
runtime calls as long as the cache has room, remove the default
type arguments field from Closure objects. Instead, just perform any
needed instantiation when the default type arguments are needed
using the instantiator and parent function type arguments stored
in the closure.

Also rename DefaultTypeArgumentsKind to InstantiationMode and
generalize the calculations to determine how to instantiate default
type arguments to an operation that can be performed on type arguments
in general.

TEST=ci

Fixes: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/54589
Issue: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/54564
Change-Id: I704ea4244fb10cbc08175629c8e92cf05b8aabea
Cq-Include-Trybots: luci.dart.try:vm-aot-linux-release-arm64-try,vm-aot-linux-release-x64-try,vm-aot-tsan-linux-release-x64-try,vm-tsan-linux-release-x64-try,vm-aot-linux-debug-x64-try
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/346021
Commit-Queue: Tess Strickland <sstrickl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Kustermann <kustermann@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Markov <alexmarkov@google.com>

runtime/vm/raw_object_fields.cc

@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ namespace dart {
   F(Closure, instantiator_type_arguments_)                                     \
   F(Closure, function_type_arguments_)                                         \
   F(Closure, delayed_type_arguments_)                                          \
-  F(Closure, default_type_arguments_)                                          \
   F(Closure, function_)                                                        \
   F(Closure, context_)                                                         \
   F(Closure, hash_)                                                            \