diff --git a/pkg/compiler/lib/src/js_emitter/record_use_emitter.dart b/pkg/compiler/lib/src/js_emitter/record_use_emitter.dart
index c72bcd14e45..9a69d26bba4 100644
--- a/pkg/compiler/lib/src/js_emitter/record_use_emitter.dart
+++ b/pkg/compiler/lib/src/js_emitter/record_use_emitter.dart
@@ -10,11 +10,7 @@
 /// null, List, Map, or constant objects.
 library;
 
-import 'dart:io';
-
 import 'package:compiler/src/elements/entities.dart';
-// ignore: implementation_imports
-import 'package:front_end/src/api_unstable/dart2js.dart' show relativizeUri;
 import 'package:compiler/src/deferred_load/output_unit.dart';
 import 'package:compiler/src/js_model/js_world.dart';
 import 'package:record_use/record_use_internal.dart';
@@ -50,6 +46,9 @@ class RecordUseCollector {
   }
 
   void _register(String loadingUnit, RecordedUse recordedUse) {
+    if (!recordedUse.function.library.canonicalUri.isScheme('package')) {
+      return;
+    }
     final callReference = switch (recordedUse) {
       RecordedCallWithArguments() => CallWithArguments(
         loadingUnit: loadingUnit,
@@ -76,11 +75,7 @@ class RecordUseCollector {
           identifier: Identifier(
             name: key.name!,
             scope: key.enclosingClass?.name,
-            importUri: relativizeUri(
-              Uri.base,
-              key.library.canonicalUri,
-              Platform.isWindows,
-            ),
+            importUri: key.library.canonicalUri.toString(),
           ),
           loadingUnit:
               outputUnitToName[_closedWorld.outputUnitData.outputUnitForMember(
diff --git a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/js_interop.dart b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib/js_interop.dart
similarity index 85%
rename from pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/js_interop.dart
rename to pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib/js_interop.dart
index 0fd0ad6a3b2..edb243c39e1 100644
--- a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/js_interop.dart
+++ b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib/js_interop.dart
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 import 'dart:js_interop';
 
+// ignore: experimental_member_use
 import 'package:meta/meta.dart' show RecordUse;
 
 void main() {
@@ -11,5 +12,6 @@ void main() {
 }
 
 @JS()
+// ignore: experimental_member_use
 @RecordUse()
 external int someExternalFunction(int k);
diff --git a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/js_interop.dart.json.expect b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib/js_interop.dart.json.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/js_interop.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib/js_interop.dart.json.expect
diff --git a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/pubspec.yaml b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/pubspec.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b1bb649c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/pubspec.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+# for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+# BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+name: record_use_js_test
+publish_to: none
+
+resolution: workspace
+
+environment:
+  sdk: ^3.12.0-0
+
+dependencies:
+  meta: any
diff --git a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/record_use_test.dart b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/record_use_test.dart
index 9691deb7e9e..eeb09df35c1 100644
--- a/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/record_use_test.dart
+++ b/pkg/compiler/test/record_use/record_use_test.dart
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 // BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 import 'dart:convert';
-import 'dart:io' show Directory, File, Platform;
+import 'dart:io' show Directory, File;
 
-import 'package:compiler/compiler_api.dart' as api show OutputType;
-import 'package:compiler/compiler_api.dart';
+import 'package:compiler/compiler_api.dart' as api;
 import 'package:compiler/src/commandline_options.dart' show Flags;
 import 'package:compiler/src/util/memory_compiler.dart';
 import 'package:expect/expect.dart' show Expect;
@@ -23,37 +22,82 @@ const List<String> compilerOptions = [Flags.writeRecordedUses, Flags.testMode];
 /// Run `dart -DupdateExpectations=true pkg/vm/test/transformations/record_use_test.dart`
 /// to update the shared expectations to the VM output.
 Future<void> main() async {
-  final vmTestCases = Directory('pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use');
-  final jsTestCases = Directory.fromUri(Platform.script.resolve('data'));
-  final testFiles = [...jsTestCases.listSync(), ...vmTestCases.listSync()]
-      .whereType<File>()
-      .where((file) => file.path.endsWith('.dart'))
-      .map(
-        (file) => TestFile(
-          file: file,
-          basename: path.basename(file.path),
-          contents: file.readAsStringSync(),
-          uri: _createUri(path.basename(file.path)),
-        ),
-      );
+  final vmFiles = _getTestFiles(
+    'pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib',
+    'record_use_test',
+  );
+  final jsFiles = _getTestFiles(
+    'pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data/lib',
+    'record_use_js_test',
+  );
 
-  final allFiles = {for (final file in testFiles) file.uri.path: file.contents};
+  final testFiles = [...vmFiles, ...jsFiles];
+
+  final allFiles = {
+    for (final file in vmFiles)
+      '/record_use_test/lib/${file.basename}': file.contents,
+    for (final file in jsFiles)
+      '/record_use_js_test/lib/${file.basename}': file.contents,
+    '/.dart_tool/package_config.json': jsonEncode({
+      "configVersion": 2,
+      "packages": [
+        {
+          "name": "record_use_test",
+          "rootUri": "/record_use_test/",
+          "packageUri": "lib/",
+          "languageVersion": "3.9",
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "record_use_js_test",
+          "rootUri": "/record_use_js_test/",
+          "packageUri": "lib/",
+          "languageVersion": "3.9",
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "meta",
+          "rootUri": Directory.current.uri.resolve('pkg/meta/').toString(),
+          "packageUri": "lib/",
+          "languageVersion": "3.9",
+        },
+      ],
+    }),
+  };
   for (final testFile in testFiles.where((element) => element.hasMain)) {
+    final bool isThrowsTest = testFile.basename.contains('throws');
     test(
       '${testFile.file.path}',
       skip: dart2jsNotSupported.contains(testFile.basename),
       () async {
+        final diagnosticCollector = DiagnosticCollector();
         final recordedUsages = await compileWithUsages(
           entryPoint: testFile.uri,
           memorySourceFiles: allFiles,
+          diagnosticHandler: diagnosticCollector,
+          expectSuccess: !isThrowsTest,
         );
+
+        if (isThrowsTest) {
+          Expect.isTrue(recordedUsages == null);
+          final errors = diagnosticCollector.errors
+              .map((e) => e.text)
+              .join('\n');
+          if (testFile.basename.contains('invalid_location')) {
+            Expect.contains('RecordUse', errors);
+            Expect.contains(
+              'annotation cannot be placed on this element',
+              errors,
+            );
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+
         final goldenFile = File(testFile.file.path + '.json.expect');
         const update = bool.fromEnvironment('updateExpectations');
         if (!goldenFile.existsSync() || update) {
           await goldenFile.create();
-          await goldenFile.writeAsString(recordedUsages);
+          await goldenFile.writeAsString(recordedUsages!);
         } else {
-          final actual = Recordings.fromJson(jsonDecode(recordedUsages));
+          final actual = Recordings.fromJson(jsonDecode(recordedUsages!));
           final goldenContents = await goldenFile.readAsString();
           final golden = Recordings.fromJson(jsonDecode(goldenContents));
           final semanticEquals = actual.semanticEquals(
@@ -63,8 +107,6 @@ Future<void> main() async {
             // Ensure test coverage of tear offs, add pragmas to prevent
             // optimiations if necessary.
             allowTearoffToStaticPromotion: false,
-            uriMapping: (String uri) =>
-                uri.replaceFirst('memory:sdk/tests/web/native/', ''),
             loadingUnitMapping: (String unit) =>
                 const <String, String>{'out': '1', 'out_1': '2'}[unit] ?? unit,
           );
@@ -80,6 +122,49 @@ Future<void> main() async {
       },
     );
   }
+
+  test('outside_package_throws', () async {
+    final entryPoint = Uri.parse('memory:/outside.dart');
+    final memorySourceFiles = {
+      ...allFiles,
+      '/outside.dart': '''
+import 'package:meta/meta.dart' show RecordUse;
+class SomeClass {
+  @RecordUse()
+  static String someStaticMethod(int a) => a.toString();
+}
+void main() {
+  print(SomeClass.someStaticMethod(42));
+}
+''',
+    };
+    final diagnosticCollector = DiagnosticCollector();
+    await compileWithUsages(
+      entryPoint: entryPoint,
+      memorySourceFiles: memorySourceFiles,
+      diagnosticHandler: diagnosticCollector,
+      expectSuccess: false,
+    );
+    final errors = diagnosticCollector.errors.map((e) => e.text).join('\n');
+    Expect.contains('RecordUse', errors);
+    Expect.contains('package:', errors);
+  });
+}
+
+Iterable<TestFile> _getTestFiles(String dirPath, String packageName) {
+  return Directory(dirPath)
+      .listSync()
+      .whereType<File>()
+      .where((file) => file.path.endsWith('.dart'))
+      .map(
+        (file) => TestFile(
+          file: file,
+          basename: path.basename(file.path),
+          contents: file.readAsStringSync(),
+          uri: Uri.parse('package:$packageName/${path.basename(file.path)}'),
+          packageName: packageName,
+        ),
+      );
 }
 
 class TestFile {
@@ -87,12 +172,14 @@ class TestFile {
   final String basename;
   final String contents;
   final Uri uri;
+  final String packageName;
 
   const TestFile({
     required this.file,
     required this.basename,
     required this.contents,
     required this.uri,
+    required this.packageName,
   });
 
   bool get hasMain => contents.contains('main()');
@@ -100,30 +187,35 @@ class TestFile {
 
 typedef CompiledOutput = Map<api.OutputType, Map<String, String>>;
 
-Future<String> compileWithUsages({
+Future<String?> compileWithUsages({
   Uri? entryPoint,
   required Map<String, dynamic> memorySourceFiles,
+  api.CompilerDiagnostics? diagnosticHandler,
+  bool expectSuccess = true,
 }) async {
   final outputProvider = OutputCollector();
 
-  CompilationResult result = await runCompiler(
+  api.CompilationResult result = await runCompiler(
     entryPoint: entryPoint,
     memorySourceFiles: memorySourceFiles,
     outputProvider: outputProvider,
+    diagnosticHandler: diagnosticHandler,
     options: [Flags.writeRecordedUses],
+    packageConfig: Uri.parse('memory:/.dart_tool/package_config.json'),
   );
-  Expect.isTrue(result.isSuccess);
+  if (expectSuccess) {
+    Expect.isTrue(result.isSuccess);
+  } else {
+    if (result.isSuccess) {
+      throw 'Compilation succeeded but was expected to fail.';
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
 
-  return outputProvider.outputMap[OutputType.recordedUses]!.values.first
+  return outputProvider.outputMap[api.OutputType.recordedUses]!.values.first
       .toString();
 }
 
-// Pretend this is a dart2js_native test to allow use of 'native' keyword
-// and import of private libraries.
-Uri _createUri(String fileName) {
-  return Uri.parse('memory:sdk/tests/web/native/$fileName');
-}
-
 const dart2jsNotSupported = {
   // No support for instance constants.
   // https://github.com/dart-lang/native/issues/2893
diff --git a/pkg/dart2wasm/lib/compile.dart b/pkg/dart2wasm/lib/compile.dart
index 99088b3ee99..7b6a17e421b 100644
--- a/pkg/dart2wasm/lib/compile.dart
+++ b/pkg/dart2wasm/lib/compile.dart
@@ -725,8 +725,7 @@ Future<CompilationResult> _runCodegenPhase(
       return moduleOutput.moduleImportName;
     }
 
-    record_use.transformComponent(
-        component, options.recordedUsesFile!, options.mainUri,
+    record_use.transformComponent(component, options.recordedUsesFile!,
         loadingUnitLookup: loadingUnitForNode);
   }
 
diff --git a/pkg/dart2wasm/test/record_use_test.dart b/pkg/dart2wasm/test/record_use_test.dart
index 9279f69af11..dd435d938f0 100644
--- a/pkg/dart2wasm/test/record_use_test.dart
+++ b/pkg/dart2wasm/test/record_use_test.dart
@@ -12,49 +12,83 @@ import 'util.dart';
 
 final Uri _pkgVmDir = Platform.script.resolve('../../vm/');
 
-Future<void> runTestCase(Uri source) async {
+Future<void> runTestCase(
+  Uri sourceFileUri,
+  Uri sourcePackageUri,
+  Uri packagesFileUri,
+) async {
+  final bool isThrowsTest = sourceFileUri.path.contains('throws');
   await withTempDir((String tempDir) async {
     final recordedUsesFile = path.join(tempDir, 'recorded_usages.json');
-    await run([
+    final List<String> args = [
       Platform.executable,
       'compile',
       'wasm',
       '-O2',
-      source.toFilePath(),
+      '--packages=${packagesFileUri.toFilePath()}',
+      sourceFileUri.toFilePath(),
       '-o',
       path.join(tempDir, 'out.wasm'),
       '--enable-deferred-loading',
       '--extra-compiler-option=--recorded-uses=$recordedUsesFile',
-    ]);
+    ];
+
+    if (isThrowsTest) {
+      final result = await Process.run(args.first, args.skip(1).toList());
+      if (result.exitCode == 0) {
+        throw 'Compilation succeeded for $sourceFileUri but was expected to fail.';
+      }
+      final errors = '${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}';
+      if (sourceFileUri.path.contains('invalid_location')) {
+        if (!errors.contains('RecordUse') ||
+            !errors.contains('cannot be placed on this element')) {
+          throw 'Wrong error message for $sourceFileUri:\n$errors';
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await run(args);
 
     final actualSemantic = Recordings.fromJson(
       jsonDecode(File(recordedUsesFile).readAsStringSync()),
     );
-    final goldenFile = File('${source.toFilePath()}.json.expect');
-    final goldenContents = await goldenFile.readAsString();
-    final golden = Recordings.fromJson(jsonDecode(goldenContents));
-    final semanticEquals =
-        actualSemantic.semanticEquals(golden, loadingUnitMapping: (unit) {
-      final codeUnits = unit.codeUnits;
-      int result = 0;
-      int power = 1;
-      for (final codeUnit in codeUnits) {
-        result += (codeUnit - 35) * power;
-        power *= 92;
-      }
-      return '$result';
-    });
+    final goldenFile = File('${sourceFileUri.toFilePath()}.json.expect');
     const update = bool.fromEnvironment('updateExpectations');
+
+    bool semanticEquals = false;
+    if (goldenFile.existsSync()) {
+      final goldenContents = await goldenFile.readAsString();
+      final golden = Recordings.fromJson(jsonDecode(goldenContents));
+      semanticEquals =
+          actualSemantic.semanticEquals(golden, loadingUnitMapping: (unit) {
+        final codeUnits = unit.codeUnits;
+        int result = 0;
+        int power = 1;
+        for (final codeUnit in codeUnits) {
+          result += (codeUnit - 35) * power;
+          power *= 92;
+        }
+        return '$result';
+      });
+    }
+
     if (update && !semanticEquals) {
-      goldenFile.writeAsStringSync(jsonEncode(actualSemantic));
-      print('Updated expectations for $source');
+      goldenFile.writeAsStringSync(
+        JsonEncoder.withIndent('  ').convert(actualSemantic.toJson()),
+      );
+      print('Updated expectations for $sourceFileUri');
     } else if (!semanticEquals) {
-      print('Actual: ${actualSemantic.toJson()}');
-      print('Expected: ${golden.toJson()}');
+      final encoder = JsonEncoder.withIndent('  ');
+      print('Actual:\n${encoder.convert(actualSemantic.toJson())}');
+      if (goldenFile.existsSync()) {
+        final goldenContents = await goldenFile.readAsString();
+        print('Expected:\n$goldenContents');
+      }
       print('To update expectations, run: dart -DupdateExpectations=true '
           'pkg/dart2wasm/test/record_use_test.dart '
-          '${path.basename(source.toFilePath())}');
-      throw 'Expectations for $source do not match';
+          '${path.basename(sourceFileUri.toFilePath())}');
+      throw 'Expectations for $sourceFileUri do not match';
     }
   });
 }
@@ -62,15 +96,57 @@ Future<void> runTestCase(Uri source) async {
 Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
   assert(args.isEmpty || args.length == 1);
   final filter = args.firstOrNull;
-  final testCasesDir = Directory.fromUri(
-    _pkgVmDir.resolve('testcases/transformations/record_use/'),
+  final recordUseTestDir = _pkgVmDir.resolve(
+    'testcases/transformations/record_use/',
   );
+  final testCasesDir = Directory.fromUri(recordUseTestDir.resolve('lib/'));
+  final packagesFileUri = _pkgVmDir.resolve(
+    '../../.dart_tool/package_config.json',
+  );
+
   for (var fse in testCasesDir.listSync(recursive: true, followLinks: false)) {
     if (fse is! File) continue;
     if (fse.path.endsWith('.dart') &&
         !fse.path.contains('helper') &&
         (filter == null || fse.path.contains(filter))) {
-      await runTestCase(fse.uri);
+      final name = path.basename(fse.path);
+      final packageUri = Uri.parse('package:record_use_test/$name');
+      await runTestCase(fse.uri, packageUri, packagesFileUri);
     }
   }
+
+  await runOutsidePackageThrows(packagesFileUri);
+}
+
+Future<void> runOutsidePackageThrows(Uri packagesFileUri) async {
+  await withTempDir((String tempDir) async {
+    final sourceFile = File(path.join(tempDir, 'outside.dart'));
+    sourceFile.writeAsStringSync('''
+import 'package:meta/meta.dart' show RecordUse;
+class SomeClass {
+  @RecordUse()
+  static String someStaticMethod(int a) => a.toString();
+}
+void main() {
+  print(SomeClass.someStaticMethod(42));
+}
+''');
+    final result = await Process.run(Platform.executable, [
+      'compile',
+      'wasm',
+      '-O2',
+      '--packages=${packagesFileUri.toFilePath()}',
+      sourceFile.path,
+      '-o',
+      path.join(tempDir, 'out.wasm'),
+    ]);
+
+    if (result.exitCode == 0) {
+      throw 'Compilation succeeded but was expected to fail.';
+    }
+    final errors = '${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}';
+    if (!errors.contains('RecordUse') || !errors.contains('package:')) {
+      throw 'Wrong error message for outside package test:\n$errors';
+    }
+  });
 }
diff --git a/pkg/front_end/lib/src/codes/diagnostic.g.dart b/pkg/front_end/lib/src/codes/diagnostic.g.dart
index 7dc93a647b1..2f07ef51f94 100644
--- a/pkg/front_end/lib/src/codes/diagnostic.g.dart
+++ b/pkg/front_end/lib/src/codes/diagnostic.g.dart
@@ -14996,6 +14996,13 @@ const MessageCode recordUseCannotBePlacedHere = const MessageCode(
       """`RecordUse` annotation cannot be placed on this element.""",
 );
 
+// DO NOT EDIT. THIS FILE IS GENERATED. SEE TOP OF FILE.
+const MessageCode recordUseOutsideOfPackage = const MessageCode(
+  "RecordUseOutsideOfPackage",
+  problemMessage:
+      """`RecordUse` annotations are only supported in libraries with a `package:` URI.""",
+);
+
 // DO NOT EDIT. THIS FILE IS GENERATED. SEE TOP OF FILE.
 const MessageCode recordUsedAsCallable = const MessageCode(
   "RecordUsedAsCallable",
diff --git a/pkg/front_end/lib/src/kernel/record_use.dart b/pkg/front_end/lib/src/kernel/record_use.dart
index 9860cfbd09a..06d9b783185 100644
--- a/pkg/front_end/lib/src/kernel/record_use.dart
+++ b/pkg/front_end/lib/src/kernel/record_use.dart
@@ -45,15 +45,32 @@ bool isRecordUse(Class cls) =>
     cls.enclosingLibrary.importUri == _metaLibraryUri;
 
 // Coverage-ignore(suite): Not run.
-bool isBeingRecorded(Class cls) => isRecordUse(cls) || hasRecordUse(cls);
+bool _enclosedInLibraryWithPackageUri(Annotatable node) {
+  final Library? library = switch (node) {
+    Library l => l,
+    Class c => c.enclosingLibrary,
+    Member m => m.enclosingLibrary,
+    _ => null,
+  };
+  return library?.importUri.isScheme('package') ?? false;
+}
 
 // Coverage-ignore(suite): Not run.
-/// If [cls] annotation is in turn annotated by a recording annotation.
-bool hasRecordUse(Class cls) => cls.annotations
-    .whereType<ConstantExpression>()
-    .map((e) => e.constant)
-    .whereType<InstanceConstant>()
-    .any((annotation) => isRecordUse(annotation.classNode));
+bool isBeingRecorded(Annotatable node) {
+  final bool hasAnnotation = hasRecordUseAnnotation(node);
+
+  if (!hasAnnotation) return false;
+
+  return _enclosedInLibraryWithPackageUri(node);
+}
+
+// Coverage-ignore(suite): Not run.
+Uri? _getFileUri(Annotatable node) {
+  if (node is Library) return node.fileUri;
+  if (node is Class) return node.fileUri;
+  if (node is Member) return node.fileUri;
+  return node.location?.file;
+}
 
 // Coverage-ignore(suite): Not run.
 /// Report if the resource annotations is placed on anything but a static
@@ -63,6 +80,17 @@ void validateRecordUseDeclaration(
   ErrorReporter errorReporter,
   Iterable<InstanceConstant> resourceAnnotations,
 ) {
+  if (resourceAnnotations.isEmpty) return;
+
+  final Uri? fileUri = _getFileUri(node);
+  if (fileUri == null) return;
+
+  if (!_enclosedInLibraryWithPackageUri(node)) {
+    errorReporter.report(
+      diag.recordUseOutsideOfPackage.withLocation(fileUri, node.fileOffset, 1),
+    );
+  }
+
   final bool onNonStaticMethod =
       node is! Procedure || !node.isStatic || node.kind != ProcedureKind.Method;
 
@@ -72,7 +100,7 @@ void validateRecordUseDeclaration(
   if (onNonStaticMethod && onClassWithoutConstConstructor) {
     errorReporter.report(
       diag.recordUseCannotBePlacedHere.withLocation(
-        node.location!.file,
+        fileUri,
         node.fileOffset,
         1,
       ),
diff --git a/pkg/front_end/messages.status b/pkg/front_end/messages.status
index f2fecef72d3..9f3e550b162 100644
--- a/pkg/front_end/messages.status
+++ b/pkg/front_end/messages.status
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ front_end/PatchInjectionFailed/example: missingExample # Patching.
 front_end/PatternMatchingError/example: missingExample # Seemingly this is not issued as an error, but ends up in the kernel AST.
 front_end/PositionalAfterNamedArgument/example: missingExample # Seemingly only issued in Analyzer
 front_end/RecordUseCannotBePlacedHere/example: missingExample # No coverage.
+front_end/RecordUseOutsideOfPackage/example: missingExample # No coverage.
 front_end/SdkRootNotFound/example: missingExample # Issued on what is essentially a wrong setup.
 front_end/SdkSpecificationNotFound/example: missingExample # Issued on what is essentially a wrong setup.
 front_end/SdkSummaryNotFound/example: missingExample # Issued on what is essentially a wrong setup.
diff --git a/pkg/front_end/messages.yaml b/pkg/front_end/messages.yaml
index f5296a4520e..2bff702fe63 100644
--- a/pkg/front_end/messages.yaml
+++ b/pkg/front_end/messages.yaml
@@ -7175,6 +7175,10 @@ recordUseCannotBePlacedHere:
   parameters: none
   problemMessage: "`RecordUse` annotation cannot be placed on this element."
 
+recordUseOutsideOfPackage:
+  parameters: none
+  problemMessage: "`RecordUse` annotations are only supported in libraries with a `package:` URI."
+
 wasmImportOrExportInUserCode:
   parameters: none
   problemMessage: "Pragmas `wasm:import` and `wasm:export` are for internal use only and cannot be used by user code."
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/kernel_front_end.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/kernel_front_end.dart
index b7f06247f70..9cfbb1f184d 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/kernel_front_end.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/kernel_front_end.dart
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ Future runGlobalTransformations(
   final recordedUsagesFile = args.recordedUsages;
   if (recordedUsagesFile != null) {
     assert(args.source != null);
-    record_use.transformComponent(component, recordedUsagesFile, args.source!);
+    record_use.transformComponent(component, recordedUsagesFile);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/constant_collector.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/constant_collector.dart
index a1d77fabb34..d85e16f2230 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/constant_collector.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/constant_collector.dart
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart';
-import 'package:front_end/src/kernel/record_use.dart' as recordUse;
+import 'package:front_end/src/kernel/record_use.dart' as record_use;
 
 /// Expose only the [collect] method of a [_ConstantCollector] to outside use.
 extension type ConstantCollector(_ConstantCollector _collector) {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class _ConstantCollector implements ConstantVisitor {
   void visitInstanceConstant(InstanceConstant constant) {
     assert(_expression != null);
     final classNode = constant.classNode;
-    if (_hasRecordUseAnnotation[classNode] ??= recordUse.hasRecordUseAnnotation(
+    if (_hasRecordUseAnnotation[classNode] ??= record_use.isBeingRecorded(
       classNode,
     )) {
       collector(_expression!, constant);
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_call.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_call.dart
index 1c322941848..e962f3815c5 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_call.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_call.dart
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 // BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-import 'package:front_end/src/kernel/record_use.dart' as recordUse;
+import 'package:front_end/src/kernel/record_use.dart' show isBeingRecorded;
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart' as ast;
 import 'package:record_use/record_use_internal.dart';
 import 'package:vm/transformations/record_use/record_use.dart';
@@ -24,18 +24,15 @@ class CallRecorder {
   /// A function to look up the loading unit for a reference.
   final LoadingUnitLookup _loadingUnitLookup;
 
-  /// The source uri to base relative URIs off of.
-  final Uri _source;
-
   /// Whether to save line and column info as well as the URI.
   //TODO(mosum): add verbose mode to enable this
   bool exactLocation = false;
 
-  CallRecorder(this._source, this._loadingUnitLookup);
+  CallRecorder(this._loadingUnitLookup);
 
   /// Will record a static invocation if it is annotated with `@RecordUse`.
   void recordStaticInvocation(ast.StaticInvocation node) {
-    if (recordUse.hasRecordUseAnnotation(node.target)) {
+    if (isBeingRecorded(node.target)) {
       // Collect the (int, bool, double, or String) arguments passed in the call.
       final createCallReference = _createCallReference(node);
       _addToUsage(node.target, createCallReference);
@@ -46,10 +43,7 @@ class CallRecorder {
   void recordConstantExpression(ast.ConstantExpression node) {
     final constant = node.constant;
     if (constant is ast.StaticTearOffConstant) {
-      final hasRecordUseAnnotation = recordUse.hasRecordUseAnnotation(
-        constant.target,
-      );
-      if (hasRecordUseAnnotation) {
+      if (isBeingRecorded(constant.target)) {
         _addToUsage(
           constant.target,
           CallTearoff(loadingUnit: _loadingUnitLookup(node)),
@@ -139,11 +133,11 @@ class CallRecorder {
     ast.Member target,
   ) {
     final enclosingLibrary = target.enclosingLibrary;
-    String file = getImportUri(enclosingLibrary, _source);
+    final importUri = enclosingLibrary.importUri.toString();
 
     return (
       identifier: Identifier(
-        importUri: file,
+        importUri: importUri,
         scope: target.enclosingClass?.name,
         name: target.name.text,
       ),
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_instance.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_instance.dart
index 962ecafc24e..9fb522b4410 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_instance.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_instance.dart
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ class InstanceRecorder {
   /// A function to look up the loading unit for a reference.
   final LoadingUnitLookup _loadingUnitLookup;
 
-  /// The source uri to base relative URIs off of.
-  final Uri _source;
-
   /// A visitor traversing and collecting constants.
   late final ConstantCollector collector;
 
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ class InstanceRecorder {
   //TODO(mosum): add verbose mode to enable this
   bool exactLocation = false;
 
-  InstanceRecorder(this._source, this._loadingUnitLookup) {
+  InstanceRecorder(this._loadingUnitLookup) {
     collector = ConstantCollector.collectWith(_collectInstance);
   }
 
@@ -66,10 +63,10 @@ class InstanceRecorder {
     ast.Class cls,
   ) {
     final enclosingLibrary = cls.enclosingLibrary;
-    final file = getImportUri(enclosingLibrary, _source);
+    final importUri = enclosingLibrary.importUri.toString();
 
     return (
-      identifier: Identifier(importUri: file, name: cls.name),
+      identifier: Identifier(importUri: importUri, name: cls.name),
       loadingUnit: _loadingUnitLookup(cls),
     );
   }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_use.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_use.dart
index 2957a602150..a887425ea6c 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_use.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/record_use/record_use.dart
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
 import 'dart:io';
 
-import 'package:_fe_analyzer_shared/src/util/relativize.dart'
-    show relativizeUri;
 import 'package:collection/collection.dart';
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart' as ast;
 import 'package:record_use/record_use_internal.dart';
@@ -44,14 +42,13 @@ LoadingUnitLookup _getDefaultLoadingUnitLookup(ast.Component component) {
 /// application.
 ast.Component transformComponent(
   ast.Component component,
-  Uri recordedUsagesFile,
-  Uri source, {
+  Uri recordedUsagesFile, {
   LoadingUnitLookup? loadingUnitLookup,
 }) {
   loadingUnitLookup ??= _getDefaultLoadingUnitLookup(component);
 
-  final callRecorder = CallRecorder(source, loadingUnitLookup);
-  final instanceRecorder = InstanceRecorder(source, loadingUnitLookup);
+  final callRecorder = CallRecorder(loadingUnitLookup);
+  final instanceRecorder = InstanceRecorder(loadingUnitLookup);
   component.accept(_RecordUseVisitor(callRecorder, instanceRecorder));
 
   final usages = _usages(
@@ -196,17 +193,6 @@ InstanceConstant evaluateInstanceConstant(ast.InstanceConstant constant) =>
 Never _unsupported(String constantType) =>
     throw UnsupportedError('$constantType is not supported for recording.');
 
-String getImportUri(ast.Library library, Uri source) {
-  String file;
-  final importUri = library.importUri;
-  if (importUri.isScheme('file')) {
-    file = relativizeUri(source, library.fileUri, Platform.isWindows);
-  } else {
-    file = library.importUri.toString();
-  }
-  return file;
-}
-
 ast.Library? enclosingLibrary(ast.TreeNode node) {
   while (node is! ast.Library) {
     final parent = node.parent;
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/native_code.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/native_code.dart
index ecb40190ff2..358fbfb96f8 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/native_code.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/native_code.dart
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ library;
 
 import 'dart:core' hide Type;
 
-import 'package:front_end/src/api_prototype/record_use.dart' as recordUse;
+import 'package:front_end/src/api_prototype/record_use.dart' as record_use;
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart';
 import 'package:kernel/library_index.dart' show LibraryIndex;
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class PragmaEntryPointsVisitor extends RecursiveVisitor {
   visitField(Field field) {
     if (field.isInstanceMember &&
         field.enclosingClass!.hasConstConstructor &&
-        recordUse.hasRecordUse(field.enclosingClass!)) {
+        record_use.isBeingRecorded(field.enclosingClass!)) {
       // If a class has a `@RecordUse` annotation then a user-defined linker
       // script may want to inspect instance constants of the class, so we have
       // to preserve all fields.
diff --git a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/transformer.dart b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/transformer.dart
index 415a5d511e2..9ce60d0f66a 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/transformer.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/lib/transformations/type_flow/transformer.dart
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import 'dart:core' hide Type;
 
 import 'package:front_end/src/api_prototype/static_weak_references.dart'
     show StaticWeakReferences;
-import 'package:front_end/src/api_prototype/record_use.dart' as RecordUse;
+import 'package:front_end/src/api_prototype/record_use.dart' as record_use;
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart' hide Statement, StatementVisitor;
 import 'package:kernel/ast.dart' as ast show Statement;
 import 'package:kernel/class_hierarchy.dart'
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class CleanupAnnotations extends RecursiveVisitor {
             protobufHandler?.usesAnnotationClass(cls) ?? false;
         return cls == pragmaClass ||
             usesProtobufAnnotation ||
-            RecordUse.isBeingRecorded(cls);
+            record_use.isRecordUse(cls);
       }
     }
     return false;
diff --git a/pkg/vm/pubspec.yaml b/pkg/vm/pubspec.yaml
index 3685cfeadd8..c2b09dd2e12 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/pkg/vm/pubspec.yaml
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ resolution: workspace
 
 # Use 'any' constraints here; we get our versions from the DEPS file.
 dependencies:
-  _fe_analyzer_shared: any
   args: any
   build_integration: any
   collection: any
diff --git a/pkg/vm/test/transformations/record_use_test.dart b/pkg/vm/test/transformations/record_use_test.dart
index 273b6ca9add..66188b2b865 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/test/transformations/record_use_test.dart
+++ b/pkg/vm/test/transformations/record_use_test.dart
@@ -21,12 +21,21 @@ import 'package:path/path.dart' as path;
 
 final Uri _pkgVmDir = Platform.script.resolve('../..');
 
-void runTestCaseAot(Uri source, bool throws) async {
+void runTestCaseAot(
+  Uri sourceFileUri,
+  Uri sourcePackageUri,
+  Uri packagesFileUri,
+  bool throws,
+) async {
   final target = VmTarget(TargetFlags(supportMirrors: false));
 
   Component component;
   try {
-    component = await compileTestCaseToKernelProgram(source, target: target);
+    component = await compileTestCaseToKernelProgram(
+      sourcePackageUri,
+      target: target,
+      packagesFileUri: packagesFileUri,
+    );
   } catch (e) {
     if (throws) {
       return;
@@ -52,7 +61,7 @@ void runTestCaseAot(Uri source, bool throws) async {
       useProtobufTreeShakerV2: true,
       treeShakeWriteOnlyFields: true,
       recordedUsages: recordedUsagesFile,
-      source: source,
+      source: sourcePackageUri,
     ),
   );
 
@@ -66,12 +75,16 @@ void runTestCaseAot(Uri source, bool throws) async {
     component.mainMethod!.enclosingLibrary,
   ).replaceAll(_pkgVmDir.toString(), 'org-dartlang-test:///');
 
-  compareResultWithExpectationsFile(source, actual, expectFilePostfix: '.aot');
+  compareResultWithExpectationsFile(
+    sourceFileUri,
+    actual,
+    expectFilePostfix: '.aot',
+  );
 
   final actualSemantic = Recordings.fromJson(
     jsonDecode(File.fromUri(recordedUsagesFile).readAsStringSync()),
   );
-  final goldenFile = File('${source.toFilePath()}.json.expect');
+  final goldenFile = File('${sourceFileUri.toFilePath()}.json.expect');
   final update = bool.fromEnvironment('updateExpectations');
 
   bool semanticEquals = false;
@@ -83,7 +96,7 @@ void runTestCaseAot(Uri source, bool throws) async {
 
   if (!semanticEquals || update) {
     compareResultWithExpectationsFile(
-      source,
+      sourceFileUri,
       File.fromUri(recordedUsagesFile).readAsStringSync(),
       expectFilePostfix: '.json',
     );
@@ -94,9 +107,14 @@ void main(List<String> args) {
   assert(args.isEmpty || args.length == 1);
   final filter = args.firstOrNull;
   group('record-use-transformations', () {
-    final testCasesDir = Directory.fromUri(
-      _pkgVmDir.resolve('testcases/transformations/record_use/'),
+    final recordUseTestDir = _pkgVmDir.resolve(
+      'testcases/transformations/record_use/',
     );
+    final testCasesDir = Directory.fromUri(recordUseTestDir.resolve('lib/'));
+    final packagesFileUri = _pkgVmDir.resolve(
+      '../../.dart_tool/package_config.json',
+    );
+
     for (var file
         in testCasesDir
             .listSync(recursive: true, followLinks: false)
@@ -104,11 +122,42 @@ void main(List<String> args) {
       if (file.path.endsWith('.dart') &&
           !file.path.contains('helper') &&
           (filter == null || file.path.contains(filter))) {
+        final name = path.basename(file.path);
+        final packageUri = Uri.parse('package:record_use_test/$name');
         test(
           '${file.path} aot',
-          () => runTestCaseAot(file.uri, file.path.contains('throws')),
+          () => runTestCaseAot(
+            file.uri,
+            packageUri,
+            packagesFileUri,
+            file.path.contains('throws'),
+          ),
         );
       }
     }
+
+    test('outside_package_throws', () async {
+      final sourceFileUri = recordUseTestDir.resolve(
+        'outside_package_throws.dart',
+      );
+      final target = VmTarget(TargetFlags(supportMirrors: false));
+
+      bool failed = false;
+      try {
+        await compileTestCaseToKernelProgram(
+          sourceFileUri,
+          target: target,
+          packagesFileUri: packagesFileUri,
+        );
+      } catch (e) {
+        failed = true;
+        final message = e.toString();
+        expect(message, contains('RecordUse'));
+        expect(message, contains('package:'));
+      }
+      if (!failed) {
+        fail('Should have failed with a diagnostic error');
+      }
+    });
   });
 }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart.json.expect
index d9676b46c89..b34b1cd9222 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/basic.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/basic.dart.json.expect
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod2",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "basic.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/basic.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart.json.expect
index 3f106d1d9e0..56b7fa4fbb5 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/complex.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/complex.dart.json.expect
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "generate",
           "scope": "OtherClass",
-          "uri": "complex.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/complex.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect
similarity index 89%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect
index c94909164f7..99e698196dc 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/const_argument_instance.dart.json.expect
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod2",
-          "uri": "const_argument_instance.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/const_argument_instance.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart.json.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/different.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/different.dart.json.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect
index bfe1ed1672b..d17d8624c2e 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/enum_const_arg.dart.json.expect
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "doSomething",
-          "uri": "enum_const_arg.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/enum_const_arg.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart.json.expect
similarity index 90%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart.json.expect
index 0e379547abc..ebf2facb293 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/extension.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/extension.dart.json.expect
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "_extension#0|callWithArgs",
-          "uri": "extension.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/extension.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart.json.expect
similarity index 90%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart.json.expect
index 14313545c3b..52b9327383f 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_class.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_class.dart.json.expect
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "instance_class.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/instance_class.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart.json.expect
similarity index 95%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart.json.expect
index 40ebf60b48a..82c5665c521 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_complex.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_complex.dart.json.expect
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "instance_complex.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/instance_complex.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect
similarity index 92%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect
index c822bc7ec56..c19c88cdb87 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_duplicates.dart.json.expect
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "instance_duplicates.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/instance_duplicates.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 60%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart.aot.expect
index e852b934c4b..77afbc411d3 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart.aot.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart.aot.expect
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 library #lib;
 import self as self;
-import "package:meta/meta.dart" as meta;
 import "dart:core" as core;
 
-import "package:meta/meta.dart" show RecordUse;
+abstract class MyClass extends core::Object /*hasConstConstructor*/  {
 
-@#C1
-class MyClass extends core::Object /*hasConstConstructor*/  {
-
-  [@vm.inferred-type.metadata=dart.core::_Smi (value: 42)]
+  [@vm.unreachable.metadata=]
   [@vm.procedure-attributes.metadata=methodOrSetterCalledDynamically:false,getterCalledDynamically:false,hasThisUses:false,hasNonThisUses:false,hasTearOffUses:false,getterSelectorId:1]
-  [@vm.unboxing-info.metadata=[!regcc]]
   final field core::int i;
 }
 
@@ -20,12 +15,6 @@ static method main() → void {
 }
 
 [@vm.inferred-return-type.metadata=dart.core::Null? (value: null)]
-@#C3
 static method doSomething() → void {
   core::print("a");
 }
-constants  {
-  #C1 = meta::RecordUse {}
-  #C2 = 42
-  #C3 = self::MyClass {i:#C2}
-}
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart.json.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_method.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_method.dart.json.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect
similarity index 86%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect
index fc1cc294b40..81e1fcdc3f0 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/instance_not_annotation.dart.json.expect
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "instance_not_annotation.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/instance_not_annotation.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e801714ab1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+library #lib;
+import self as self;
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart" as loa;
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart" as loa2;
+
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart";
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart" deferred as helper;
+
+
+[@vm.inferred-return-type.metadata=dart.async::_Future]
+static method main() → void async /* emittedValueType= void */ {
+  loa::SomeClass::someStaticMethod(42);
+  await LoadLibrary(helper);
+  let final dynamic #t1 = CheckLibraryIsLoaded(helper) in loa2::invokeDeferred();
+}
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect
similarity index 89%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect
index d6e3113ecb6..5fc5c3aca95 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple.dart.json.expect
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 81%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect
index be08525a696..7494a998d47 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.aot.expect
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ library #lib;
 import self as self;
 import "dart:core" as core;
 import "package:meta/meta.dart" as meta;
-import "loading_units_simple_helper.dart" as loa;
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_simple_helper.dart" as loa;
 
 import "package:meta/meta.dart" show RecordUse;
-import "org-dartlang-test:///testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple_helper.dart" deferred as helper;
+import "package:record_use_test/loading_units_simple_helper.dart" deferred as helper;
 
 abstract class SomeClass extends core::Object {
 
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect
similarity index 86%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect
index cfc48d54e2a..44e0a1e3c96 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple.dart.json.expect
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "loading_units_simple.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/loading_units_simple.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "loading_units_simple_helper.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/loading_units_simple_helper.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "2"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple_helper.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple_helper.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_simple_helper.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/loading_units_simple_helper.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect
similarity index 93%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect
index 3ad5c265f0a..574a6a76dbd 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/map_complex_keys.dart.json.expect
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "map_complex_keys.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/map_complex_keys.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect
similarity index 95%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect
index abf773e9840..e19dc42110a 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_and_positional.dart.json.expect
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "named_and_positional.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/named_and_positional.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart.json.expect
similarity index 95%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart.json.expect
index 15af0cfa77d..99f85529906 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_both.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_both.dart.json.expect
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "named_both.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/named_both.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart.json.expect
similarity index 92%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart.json.expect
index 080d5ca9cfa..f43e7c3b2f5 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_optional.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_optional.dart.json.expect
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "named_optional.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/named_optional.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart.json.expect
similarity index 92%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart.json.expect
index c6540b5eee8..963f5c2e429 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_required.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_required.dart.json.expect
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "named_required.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/named_required.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect
similarity index 89%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect
index 0d2c4f303a9..4a3ca1b7259 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/named_with_function_arg.dart.json.expect
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "Ext|foo",
-          "uri": "named_with_function_arg.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/named_with_function_arg.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart.json.expect
index f58e0b9bad6..40837d003a0 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested.dart.json.expect
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "nested.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/nested.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyOtherClass",
-          "uri": "nested.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/nested.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
similarity index 88%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
index 841d79721cb..a6d58d85da3 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/nested_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "Recorded",
-          "uri": "nested_instance_constant.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/nested_instance_constant.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_helper.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_helper.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_helper.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_helper.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect
index ae84b919fff..43f66ca2f3e 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.aot.expect
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import "package:meta/meta.dart" as meta;
 import "package:meta/meta.dart" show RecordUse;
 
 part partfile_helper.dart;
-abstract class SomeClass extends core::Object { // from org-dartlang-test:///testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_helper.dart
+abstract class SomeClass extends core::Object { // from org-dartlang-test:///testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_helper.dart
 
   [@vm.inferred-return-type.metadata=int]
   [@vm.unboxing-info.metadata=(i)->i]
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.json.expect
similarity index 89%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.json.expect
index d073197e013..b9036db87fa 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/partfile_main.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/partfile_main.dart.json.expect
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "partfile_main.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/partfile_main.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart.json.expect
similarity index 93%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart.json.expect
index e3a332df564..6ccab20e701 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both.dart.json.expect
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "positional_both.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/positional_both.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect
index 8f704318811..223718d9496 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart.json.expect
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "positional_both_with_type_argument.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/positional_both_with_type_argument.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart.json.expect
similarity index 91%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart.json.expect
index a813c27ec66..43c488451e7 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/positional_optional.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/positional_optional.dart.json.expect
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "positional_optional.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/positional_optional.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart.json.expect
similarity index 92%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart.json.expect
index cdafcb08b82..729cf0c0d8b 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_enum.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_enum.dart.json.expect
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "record_enum.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/record_enum.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant.dart.json.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect
similarity index 87%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect
index 49b2603a739..8b167413947 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_instance_constant_empty.dart.json.expect
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "MyClass",
-          "uri": "record_instance_constant_empty.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/record_instance_constant_empty.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       },
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_use_invalid_location_throws.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_use_invalid_location_throws.dart
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca68ca6da5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/record_use_invalid_location_throws.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:meta/meta.dart' show RecordUse;
+
+class A {
+  @RecordUse()
+  void method() {}
+}
+
+void main() {}
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart.json.expect
similarity index 90%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart.json.expect
index c6d7b1da61d..9524233572d 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/simple.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/simple.dart.json.expect
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "simple.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/simple.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart.json.expect
similarity index 88%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart.json.expect
index 1d99d394665..68a7f0545fa 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/tearoff.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/tearoff.dart.json.expect
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "tearoff.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/tearoff.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart.json.expect
similarity index 88%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart.json.expect
index 96a17564f52..52720a706d6 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/top_level_method.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/top_level_method.dart.json.expect
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       "definition": {
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someTopLevelMethod",
-          "uri": "top_level_method.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/top_level_method.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart.aot.expect
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart.aot.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart.aot.expect
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect
similarity index 96%
rename from pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect
rename to pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect
index 2117e341b93..4634e22d270 100644
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/lib/types_of_arguments.dart.json.expect
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
         "identifier": {
           "name": "someStaticMethod",
           "scope": "SomeClass",
-          "uri": "types_of_arguments.dart"
+          "uri": "package:record_use_test/types_of_arguments.dart"
         },
         "loading_unit": "1"
       }
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect
deleted file mode 100644
index 7aaabe9a5b8..00000000000
--- a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple.dart.aot.expect
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-library #lib;
-import self as self;
-import "loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart" as loa;
-import "loading_units_multiple_helper.dart" as loa2;
-
-import "org-dartlang-test:///testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper_shared.dart";
-import "org-dartlang-test:///testcases/transformations/record_use/loading_units_multiple_helper.dart" deferred as helper;
-
-
-[@vm.inferred-return-type.metadata=dart.async::_Future]
-static method main() → void async /* emittedValueType= void */ {
-  loa::SomeClass::someStaticMethod(42);
-  await LoadLibrary(helper);
-  let final dynamic #t1 = CheckLibraryIsLoaded(helper) in loa2::invokeDeferred();
-}
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/outside_package_throws.dart b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/outside_package_throws.dart
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd931af015c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/outside_package_throws.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:meta/meta.dart' show RecordUse;
+
+class SomeClass {
+  @RecordUse()
+  static String someStaticMethod(int a) => a.toString();
+}
+
+void main() {
+  print(SomeClass.someStaticMethod(42));
+}
diff --git a/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/pubspec.yaml b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/pubspec.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1acf38cf829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use/pubspec.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+# for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+# BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+name: record_use_test
+publish_to: none
+
+resolution: workspace
+
+environment:
+  sdk: ^3.12.0-0
+
+dependencies:
+  meta: any
diff --git a/pubspec.yaml b/pubspec.yaml
index ed073fbaa82..dac1f74ec68 100644
--- a/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/pubspec.yaml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ workspace:
   - pkg/build_integration
   - pkg/cfg
   - pkg/compiler
+  - pkg/compiler/test/record_use/data
   - pkg/dart2bytecode
   - pkg/dart2js_info
   - pkg/dart2js_runtime_metrics
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ workspace:
   - pkg/testing
   - pkg/test_runner
   - pkg/vm
+  - pkg/vm/testcases/transformations/record_use
   - pkg/vm_service
   - pkg/vm_service_interface
   - pkg/vm_service_protos