diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ee2e3cc9..c20e9c0c 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ if (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "AppleCla
   add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -pedantic)
   add_compile_options(-Wfloat-equal -Wconversion)
   add_compile_options(-Wredundant-decls -Wswitch-default)
+  add_compile_options(-Wunused-variable)
   # don't warn about conversion, sign, compares, long long and attributes
   # since they are common in embedded
   add_compile_options(-Wno-sign-conversion -Wno-conversion)
diff --git a/apps/Makefile b/apps/Makefile
index 04c1c890..f5bc141c 100644
--- a/apps/Makefile
+++ b/apps/Makefile
@@ -146,12 +146,15 @@ CSTANDARD ?= -std=gnu89
 OPTIMIZATION ?= -Os
 DEBUGGING ?=
 # enable all relevant warnings that find bugs
-WARNING_ALL := -Wall -Wextra -Wfloat-equal -Wconversion
-WARNING_ALL += -Wredundant-decls -Wswitch-default -pedantic
+WARNING_ALL := -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+WARNING_ALL += -Wfloat-equal -Wconversion
+WARNING_ALL += -Wredundant-decls -Wswitch-default 
+WARNING_ALL += -Wunused-variable
 # don't warn about conversion, sign, compares, long long and attributes
 # since they are common in embedded
 WARNING_ALL += -Wno-sign-conversion -Wno-conversion -Wno-sign-compare
 WARNING_ALL += -Wno-long-long -Wno-attributes
+  # don't warn about implicit fallthrough since it's common in network protocols
 WARNING_ALL += -Wno-implicit-fallthrough
 #WARNING_ALL += -Werror
 WARNINGS ?= $(WARNING_ALL)
diff --git a/src/bacnet/bacapp.c b/src/bacnet/bacapp.c
index cb2f7599..2dc28a14 100644
--- a/src/bacnet/bacapp.c
+++ b/src/bacnet/bacapp.c
@@ -1069,8 +1069,8 @@ static int decode_priority_array_value(
     BACNET_OBJECT_TYPE object_type)
 {
     int apdu_len = 0;
-    int len = 0;
 #if defined(BACAPP_COMPLEX_TYPES)
+    int len = 0;
     BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG tag = MAX_BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG;
 
     if (bacnet_is_opening_tag_number(apdu, apdu_size, 0, &len)) {
diff --git a/src/bacnet/datalink/bvlc6.c b/src/bacnet/datalink/bvlc6.c
index c6be467b..46862391 100644
--- a/src/bacnet/datalink/bvlc6.c
+++ b/src/bacnet/datalink/bvlc6.c
@@ -1602,7 +1602,6 @@ int bvlc6_broadcast_distribution_table_entry_encode(uint8_t *apdu,
 {
     int len = 0;
     int apdu_len = 0;
-    int entry_size = 0;
     BACNET_OCTET_STRING octet_string;
 
     if (bdt_entry) {
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index dc478eb4..902bf1ca 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,20 +15,17 @@ if (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
     add_definitions(-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
     add_compile_options(-g -O0 -W -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
     # enable all relevant warnings that find bugs
+    add_compile_options(-Werror)
     add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -pedantic)
     add_compile_options(-Wfloat-equal -Wconversion)
     add_compile_options(-Wredundant-decls -Wswitch-default)
+    add_compile_options(-Wunused-variable)
     # don't warn about conversion, sign, compares, long long and attributes
     # since they are common in embedded
     add_compile_options(-Wno-sign-conversion -Wno-conversion)
     add_compile_options(-Wno-sign-compare -Wno-long-long -Wno-attributes)
     # don't warn about implicit fallthrough since it's common in network protocols
     add_compile_options(-Wno-implicit-fallthrough)
-    # FIXME: ignore some warnings that occur in the unit tests
-    add_compile_options(-Wno-missing-braces)
-    add_compile_options(-Wno-unused-variable)
-    add_compile_options(-Wno-unused-function)
-    add_compile_options(-Wno-unused-parameter)
     add_link_options(-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
 endif()
 
diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
index 826eea31..b903fb96 100644
--- a/test/Makefile
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # all: demos router-ipv6 ${DEMO_LINUX}
 
 .PHONY: all
-all: test
+all: test coverage
 
 BUILD_DIR=build
 
@@ -56,12 +56,14 @@ test:
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && cd $(BUILD_DIR) && cmake .. && cd ..
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && cd $(BUILD_DIR) && cmake --build . $(JOBS) --clean-first && cd ..
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && cd $(BUILD_DIR) && ctest $(CTEST_OPTIONS)
-	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && $(MAKE) -C $(BUILD_DIR) lcov
 
 .PHONY: retest
 retest:
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && cd $(BUILD_DIR) && cmake --build . $(JOBS) && cd ..
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && cd $(BUILD_DIR) && ctest $(CTEST_OPTIONS)
+
+.PHONY: coverage
+coverage:
 	[ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] && $(MAKE) -C $(BUILD_DIR) lcov
 
 .PHONY: report
diff --git a/test/bacnet/bacaddr/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/bacaddr/src/main.c
index 07dbcd91..8a7c2927 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/bacaddr/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/bacaddr/src/main.c
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ static void test_BACNET_ADDRESS(void)
 #endif
 {
     BACNET_ADDRESS src = { 0 }, dest = { 0 };
-    BACNET_ADDRESS test_src = { 0 }, test_dest = { 0 };
     BACNET_MAC_ADDRESS mac = { 0 }, adr = { 0 };
     uint16_t dnet = 0;
     bool status = false;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/bacapp/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/bacapp/src/main.c
index aa10472c..387d1af7 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/bacapp/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/bacapp/src/main.c
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ static const BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG tag_list[] = {
     /* BACnetActionCommand */
     BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_ACTION_COMMAND,
     /* BACnetScale */
-    BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_SCALE
+    BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_SCALE,
+    /* BACnetShedLevel */
+    BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_SHED_LEVEL
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/test/bacnet/bacdcode/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/bacdcode/src/main.c
index 6ddb4c4a..438b30db 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/bacdcode/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/bacdcode/src/main.c
@@ -578,7 +578,6 @@ static void testBACnetDateRangeDecodes(void)
     int len;
     int null_len;
     int test_len;
-    int outLen2;
 
     BACNET_DATE_RANGE data;
     BACNET_DATE_RANGE test_data;
@@ -1212,8 +1211,6 @@ static void testBACDCodeBitString(void)
     BACNET_BIT_STRING value;
     BACNET_BIT_STRING test_value;
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
-    uint32_t len_value = 0;
-    uint8_t tag_number = 0;
     int len, null_len, apdu_len, test_len;
     BACNET_TAG tag = { 0 };
 
@@ -1386,12 +1383,12 @@ static void testSignedContextDecodes(void)
         value = BIT(i);
         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
             context_tag = BIT(j);
-            test_unsigned_context_codec(value, context_tag);
+            test_signed_context_codec(value, context_tag);
         }
         value = BIT(i) | BIT(31);
         for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
             context_tag = BIT(j);
-            test_unsigned_context_codec(value, context_tag);
+            test_signed_context_codec(value, context_tag);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1438,7 +1435,6 @@ ZTEST(bacdcode_tests, testEnumeratedContextDecodes)
 static void testEnumeratedContextDecodes(void)
 #endif
 {
-    uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
     uint8_t context_tag = 10;
 
     /* 32-bit value */
diff --git a/test/bacnet/bacdest/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/bacdest/src/main.c
index 22a8f64a..ed04f33e 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/bacdest/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/bacdest/src/main.c
@@ -73,16 +73,28 @@ static void testBACnetDestination(void)
 {
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
     BACNET_DESTINATION destination = { 0 }, test_destination = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
+    int apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     destination.Recipient.tag = BACNET_RECIPIENT_TAG_DEVICE;
+    destination.Recipient.type.device.type = OBJECT_DEVICE;
+    destination.Recipient.type.device.instance = 1234;
     null_len = bacnet_destination_encode(NULL, &destination);
     apdu_len = bacnet_destination_encode(apdu, &destination);
     zassert_equal(apdu_len, null_len, NULL);
     test_len = bacnet_destination_decode(apdu, apdu_len, &test_destination);
     zassert_equal(apdu_len, test_len, NULL);
+    testBACnetRecipientData(&destination.Recipient, 
+        &test_destination.Recipient);
 
     destination.Recipient.tag = BACNET_RECIPIENT_TAG_ADDRESS;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.net = 1234;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.len = 6;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[0] = 1;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[1] = 2;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[2] = 3;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[3] = 4;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[4] = 5;
+    destination.Recipient.type.address.adr[5] = 6;
     null_len = bacnet_destination_encode(NULL, &destination);
     apdu_len = bacnet_destination_encode(apdu, &destination);
     zassert_equal(apdu_len, null_len, NULL);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd/src/main.c
index 772839e0..57ab50c1 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd/src/main.c
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ static BACNET_IP_ADDRESS Test_Sent_Message_Dest;
 uint16_t bip_receive(
     BACNET_ADDRESS *src, uint8_t *npdu, uint16_t max_npdu, unsigned timeout)
 {
+    (void)src;
+    (void)npdu;
+    (void)max_npdu;
+    (void)timeout;
+    
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd6/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd6/src/main.c
index f05c613c..c9910094 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd6/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/bbmd6/src/main.c
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ static BACNET_IP6_ADDRESS Test_Sent_Message_Dest;
 uint16_t bip6_receive(
     BACNET_ADDRESS *src, uint8_t *npdu, uint16_t max_npdu, unsigned timeout)
 {
+    (void)src;
+    (void)npdu;
+    (void)max_npdu;
+    (void)timeout;
+    
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/binding/address/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/binding/address/src/main.c
index bb46aaf8..6d2028ec 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/binding/address/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/binding/address/src/main.c
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@
  * @addtogroup bacnet_tests
  * @{
  */
-
+#ifdef BACNET_ADDRESS_CACHE_FILE
 static const char *Address_Cache_Filename = "address_cache";
+#endif
 
 /**
  * @brief Test
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ static void set_address(unsigned index, BACNET_ADDRESS *dest)
     }
 }
 
+#ifdef BACNET_ADDRESS_CACHE_FILE
 static void set_file_address(
     const char *pFilename,
     uint32_t device_id,
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ static void set_file_address(
         fclose(pFile);
     }
 }
+#endif
 
 #ifdef BACNET_ADDRESS_CACHE_FILE
 /* Validate that the address data in the file */
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/bitstring_value/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/bitstring_value/src/main.c
index 7a4f394c..cbd4bdee 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/bitstring_value/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/bitstring_value/src/main.c
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ ZTEST(bitstring_value_object_tests, test_BitString_Value_Object)
 static void test_BitString_Value_Object(void)
 #endif
 {
-    uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
-    int len = 0;
-    int test_len = 0;
     const int skip_fail_property_list[] = { -1 };
     const uint32_t instance = 123;
     uint32_t test_instance = 0;
@@ -37,9 +34,6 @@ static void test_BitString_Value_Object(void)
     BACNET_WRITE_PROPERTY_DATA wpdata = { 0 };
     BACNET_APPLICATION_DATA_VALUE value = { 0 };
     BACNET_PROPERTY_VALUE value_list[2] = { 0 };
-    const int *required_property = NULL;
-    const int *optional_property = NULL;
-    const int *proprietary_property = NULL;
 
     BitString_Value_Init();
     status = BitString_Value_Create(instance);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/blo/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/blo/src/main.c
index 416575d4..b976afe2 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/blo/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/blo/src/main.c
@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ static void testBinaryLightingOutputBlink(void)
     BACNET_BINARY_LIGHTING_PV pv, test_pv, expect_pv;
     unsigned test_priority;
     BACNET_WRITE_PROPERTY_DATA wpdata = { 0 };
-    BACNET_APPLICATION_DATA_VALUE value = { 0 };
 
     Binary_Lighting_Output_Init();
     Binary_Lighting_Output_Create(object_instance);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/device/stubs.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/device/stubs.c
index 21bc7e71..fd82aa52 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/device/stubs.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/device/stubs.c
@@ -41,11 +41,17 @@ bool datetime_local(
     int16_t *utc_offset_minutes,
     bool *dst_active)
 {
+    (void)bdate;
+    (void)btime;
+    (void)utc_offset_minutes;
+    (void)dst_active;
+
     return true;
 }
 
 void bip_get_my_address(BACNET_ADDRESS *my_address)
 {
+    (void)my_address;
 }
 
 int bip_send_pdu(
@@ -54,5 +60,10 @@ int bip_send_pdu(
     uint8_t *pdu,
     unsigned pdu_len)
 {
+    (void)dest;
+    (void)npdu_data;
+    (void)pdu;
+    (void)pdu_len;
+    
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/lc/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/lc/src/main.c
index d35c81a5..b461bee4 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/lc/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/lc/src/main.c
@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ ZTEST(lc_tests, test_Load_Control_Read_Write_Property)
 static void test_Load_Control_Read_Write_Property(void)
 #endif
 {
-    bool status = false;
     unsigned count = 0;
     uint32_t object_instance = BACNET_MAX_INSTANCE, test_object_instance = 0;
     const int skip_fail_property_list[] = { -1 };
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/lsz/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/lsz/src/main.c
index 3595e083..38634c0b 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/lsz/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/lsz/src/main.c
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ ZTEST(testsLifeSafetyZone, testLifeSafetyZone)
 static void testLifeSafetyZone(void)
 #endif
 {
-    bool status = false;
     unsigned count = 0;
     uint32_t object_instance = 0, test_object_instance = 0;
     const int skip_fail_property_list[] = { -1 };
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/osv/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/osv/src/main.c
index 7991b372..b31cf335 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/osv/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/osv/src/main.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static void testOctetString_Value(void)
     rpdata.application_data = &apdu[0];
     rpdata.application_data_len = sizeof(apdu);
     rpdata.object_type = OBJECT_OCTETSTRING_VALUE;
-    rpdata.object_instance = 1;
+    rpdata.object_instance = instance;
     rpdata.array_index = BACNET_ARRAY_ALL;
 
     OctetString_Value_Property_Lists(&required_property, NULL, NULL);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/piv/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/piv/src/main.c
index 7526b487..48b4dc32 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/piv/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/piv/src/main.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static void testPositiveInteger_Value(void)
     rpdata.application_data = &apdu[0];
     rpdata.application_data_len = sizeof(apdu);
     rpdata.object_type = OBJECT_POSITIVE_INTEGER_VALUE;
-    rpdata.object_instance = 1;
+    rpdata.object_instance = instance;
     rpdata.array_index = BACNET_ARRAY_ALL;
 
     PositiveInteger_Value_Property_Lists(&required_property, NULL, NULL);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/object/test/property_test.c b/test/bacnet/basic/object/test/property_test.c
index 732ac7b3..72ab21b0 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/object/test/property_test.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/object/test/property_test.c
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ bool bacnet_object_property_write_test(
     const int *skip_fail_property_list)
 {
     bool status = false;
-    int len = 0;
-    int test_len = 0;
 
     (void)skip_fail_property_list;
     if (wpdata && write_property) {
@@ -82,14 +80,12 @@ int bacnet_object_property_read_test(
     read_property_function read_property,
     const int *skip_fail_property_list)
 {
-    bool status = false;
     int len = 0;
     int test_len = 0;
     int apdu_len = 0;
     int read_len = 0;
     uint8_t *apdu;
     BACNET_ARRAY_INDEX array_index = 0;
-    BACNET_WRITE_PROPERTY_DATA wpdata = { 0 };
     BACNET_APPLICATION_DATA_VALUE value = { 0 };
 
     read_len = read_property(rpdata);
@@ -174,7 +170,6 @@ void bacnet_object_properties_read_write_test(
     const int *pRequired = NULL;
     const int *pOptional = NULL;
     const int *pProprietary = NULL;
-    unsigned count = 0;
     int len = 0;
     bool status = false;
 
diff --git a/test/bacnet/basic/sys/color_rgb/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/basic/sys/color_rgb/src/main.c
index d3c93bd9..d4221af5 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/basic/sys/color_rgb/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/basic/sys/color_rgb/src/main.c
@@ -151,9 +151,6 @@ static void test_color_rgb_ascii(void)
     uint8_t red, green, blue;
     uint8_t test_red, test_green, test_blue;
     unsigned test_index;
-    float x_coordinate;
-    float y_coordinate;
-    float brightness;
 
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         name = color_rgb_from_index(i, &red, &green, &blue);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/create_object/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/create_object/src/main.c
index 647949a4..e50f0f80 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/create_object/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/create_object/src/main.c
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ static void test_CreateObject(void)
 #endif
 {
     BACNET_CREATE_OBJECT_DATA data = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     test_CreateObjectCodec(&data);
     data.object_instance = BACNET_MAX_INSTANCE;
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ static void test_CreateObjectACK(void)
 #endif
 {
     BACNET_CREATE_OBJECT_DATA data = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     test_CreateObjectAckCodec(&data);
     data.object_instance = BACNET_MAX_INSTANCE;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/datalink/bvlc/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/datalink/bvlc/src/main.c
index fa4de445..61526556 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/datalink/bvlc/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/datalink/bvlc/src/main.c
@@ -538,8 +538,6 @@ static void test_BVLC_Broadcast_Distribution_Table_Encode(void)
 }
 
 static void test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table_Message(
-    uint8_t *npdu,
-    uint16_t npdu_len,
     BACNET_IP_BROADCAST_DISTRIBUTION_TABLE_ENTRY *bdt_list)
 {
     uint8_t pdu[480] = { 0 };
@@ -578,8 +576,6 @@ ZTEST(bvlc_tests, test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table)
 static void test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table(void)
 #endif
 {
-    uint8_t npdu[480] = { 0 };
-    uint16_t npdu_len = 0;
     uint16_t i = 0;
     uint16_t count = 0;
     uint16_t test_count = 0;
@@ -620,20 +616,10 @@ static void test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table(void)
             &bdt_list[0], &bdt_list[i]);
         zassert_true(status, NULL);
     }
-    test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table_Message(
-        npdu, npdu_len, &bdt_list[0]);
-    /* now with some NPDU data */
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(npdu); i++) {
-        npdu[i] = i;
-    }
-    npdu_len = sizeof(npdu);
-    test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table_Message(
-        npdu, npdu_len, &bdt_list[0]);
+    test_BVLC_Write_Broadcast_Distribution_Table_Message(&bdt_list[0]);
 }
 
 static void test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack_Message(
-    uint8_t *npdu,
-    uint16_t npdu_len,
     BACNET_IP_FOREIGN_DEVICE_TABLE_ENTRY *fdt_list)
 {
     uint8_t pdu[480] = { 0 };
@@ -669,8 +655,6 @@ ZTEST(bvlc_tests, test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack)
 static void test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack(void)
 #endif
 {
-    uint8_t npdu[480] = { 0 };
-    uint16_t npdu_len = 0;
     uint16_t i = 0;
     uint16_t count = 0;
     uint16_t test_count = 0;
@@ -701,13 +685,7 @@ static void test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack(void)
     }
     test_count = bvlc_foreign_device_table_valid_count(fdt_list);
     zassert_equal(test_count, count, NULL);
-    test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack_Message(npdu, npdu_len, fdt_list);
-    /* now with some NPDU data */
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(npdu); i++) {
-        npdu[i] = i;
-    }
-    npdu_len = sizeof(npdu);
-    test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack_Message(npdu, npdu_len, fdt_list);
+    test_BVLC_Read_Foreign_Device_Table_Ack_Message(fdt_list);
     /* cleanup */
     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
         dest_address.port = test_port_start + i;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/datalink/mstp/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/datalink/mstp/src/main.c
index dc63b0f0..e4f445b3 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/datalink/mstp/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/datalink/mstp/src/main.c
@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@ uint16_t MSTP_Put_Receive(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
  * @return amount of PDU data
  */
 uint16_t MSTP_Get_Send(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port, unsigned timeout)
-{ /* milliseconds to wait for a packet */
+{
+    (void)mstp_port;
+    (void)timeout;
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -114,7 +117,10 @@ uint16_t MSTP_Get_Send(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port, unsigned timeout)
  * @return amount of PDU data
  */
 uint16_t MSTP_Get_Reply(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port, unsigned timeout)
-{ /* milliseconds to wait for a packet */
+{
+    (void)mstp_port;
+    (void)timeout;
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -593,8 +599,6 @@ static void testMasterNodeFSM(void)
 static void testSlaveNodeFSM(void)
 {
     struct mstp_port_struct_t MSTP_Port = { 0 }; /* port data */
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
 
     MSTP_Port.InputBuffer = &RxBuffer[0];
     MSTP_Port.InputBufferSize = sizeof(RxBuffer);
@@ -677,8 +681,7 @@ static void testZeroConfigNode_Init(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 static void
 testZeroConfigNode_No_Events_Timeout(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
 
     SilenceTime = mstp_port->Zero_Config_Silence + 1;
     transition_now = MSTP_Master_Node_FSM(mstp_port);
@@ -690,8 +693,7 @@ testZeroConfigNode_No_Events_Timeout(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_Request_Unsupported(
     struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
 
     /* test case: remote node does not support Test-Request; timeout */
     SilenceTime = mstp_port->Treply_timeout + 1;
@@ -703,31 +705,10 @@ static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_Request_Unsupported(
         mstp_port->This_Station == mstp_port->Zero_Config_Station, NULL);
 }
 
-static void
-testZeroConfigNode_Test_Request_Supported(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
-{
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
-
-    /* test case: remote node supports Test-Request */
-    SilenceTime = 0;
-
-    mstp_port->DestinationAddress = mstp_port->Zero_Config_Station;
-    mstp_port->SourceAddress = 0;
-    mstp_port->FrameType = FRAME_TYPE_TEST_RESPONSE;
-    transition_now = MSTP_Master_Node_FSM(mstp_port);
-    zassert_true(transition_now, NULL);
-    zassert_true(
-        mstp_port->Zero_Config_State == MSTP_ZERO_CONFIG_STATE_USE, NULL);
-    zassert_true(
-        mstp_port->This_Station == mstp_port->Zero_Config_Station, NULL);
-}
-
 static void
 testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_InvalidFrame(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
 
     /* test case: waiting for a invalid frame */
     SilenceTime = 0;
@@ -747,8 +728,7 @@ testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_InvalidFrame(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_ValidFrameTimeout(
     struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
 
     /* test case: get a valid frame, followed by timeout  */
     SilenceTime = 0;
@@ -775,8 +755,7 @@ static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_ValidFrameTimeout(
 static void
 testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_ValidFrame(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
 
     /* test case: get a valid frame, followed by timeout  */
     SilenceTime = 0;
@@ -793,8 +772,7 @@ testZeroConfigNode_Test_IDLE_ValidFrame(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 static void
 testZeroConfigNode_Test_LURK_AddressInUse(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
     uint8_t src, dst;
 
     /* test case: src emits a token from each MAC in the zero-config range */
@@ -820,9 +798,8 @@ testZeroConfigNode_Test_LURK_AddressInUse(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_LURK_LearnMaxMaster(
     struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
-    uint8_t src, dst;
+    bool transition_now;
+    uint8_t dst;
 
     /* test case: src emits a token from each MAC in the zero-config range */
     SilenceTime = 0;
@@ -843,8 +820,7 @@ static void testZeroConfigNode_Test_LURK_LearnMaxMaster(
 static void
 testZeroConfigNode_Test_LURK_Claim(struct mstp_port_struct_t *mstp_port)
 {
-    bool transition_now, non_zero;
-    unsigned slots, silence, i;
+    bool transition_now;
     uint8_t src = 0, dst, count, count_max, count_claim;
 
     /* test case: src emits a PFM from each MAC in the zero-config range */
diff --git a/test/bacnet/delete_object/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/delete_object/src/main.c
index 052ef912..84756060 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/delete_object/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/delete_object/src/main.c
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ static void test_DeleteObject(void)
 #endif
 {
     BACNET_DELETE_OBJECT_DATA data = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     test_DeleteObjectCodec(&data);
     data.object_instance = BACNET_MAX_INSTANCE;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/getalarm/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/getalarm/src/main.c
index 62985c11..df81210f 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/getalarm/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/getalarm/src/main.c
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 static int get_alarm_summary_decode_apdu(
     uint8_t *apdu, unsigned apdu_size, uint8_t *invoke_id)
 {
-    int len = 0;
-
     if (!apdu) {
         return BACNET_STATUS_ERROR;
     }
@@ -99,7 +97,6 @@ static void testGetAlarmSummaryAck(void)
     uint8_t test_invoke_id = 0;
     BACNET_GET_ALARM_SUMMARY_DATA alarm_data;
     BACNET_GET_ALARM_SUMMARY_DATA test_alarm_data;
-    unsigned i = 0;
 
     alarm_data.objectIdentifier.type = OBJECT_BINARY_INPUT;
     alarm_data.objectIdentifier.instance = 1;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/hostnport/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/hostnport/src/main.c
index 7669767f..ad3ebb6b 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/hostnport/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/hostnport/src/main.c
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ static void test_HostNPort(void)
 #endif
 {
     BACNET_HOST_N_PORT data = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     /* none */
     test_HostNPortCodec(&data);
diff --git a/test/bacnet/list_element/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/list_element/src/main.c
index 019bfb42..bd5d5213 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/list_element/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/list_element/src/main.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ static void test_ListElement(void)
 {
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
     BACNET_LIST_ELEMENT_DATA list_element = { 0 }, test_list_element = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
+    int apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
     uint8_t application_data[MAX_APDU] = { 0 }, *test_application_data = NULL;
     int application_data_len = 0, test_application_data_len = 0;
     unsigned i = 0;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static void test_ListElementError(void)
 {
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
     BACNET_LIST_ELEMENT_DATA list_element = { 0 }, test_list_element = { 0 };
-    int len = 0, apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
+    int apdu_len = 0, null_len = 0, test_len = 0;
 
     list_element.error_class = ERROR_CLASS_SERVICES;
     list_element.error_code = ERROR_CODE_REJECT_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE;
diff --git a/test/bacnet/npdu/stubs.c b/test/bacnet/npdu/stubs.c
index 7ca73d6b..128d6b28 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/npdu/stubs.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/npdu/stubs.c
@@ -36,5 +36,10 @@ int bip_send_pdu(
     uint8_t *pdu,
     unsigned pdu_len)
 {
+    (void)dest;
+    (void)npdu_data;
+    (void)pdu;
+    (void)pdu_len;
+    
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test/bacnet/specialevent/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/specialevent/src/main.c
index e73c7db5..5d5385ad 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/specialevent/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/specialevent/src/main.c
@@ -36,51 +36,29 @@ static void test_BACnetSpecialEvent_CalendarRef(void)
     int len, apdu_len, null_len;
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
 
-    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = {
-        .periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_REFERENCE,
-        .period = {
-            .calendarReference = {
-                .instance = 5,
-                .type = OBJECT_CALENDAR,
-            }
-        },
-        .timeValues = {
-            .TV_Count = 2,
-            .Time_Values = {
-                {
-                    .Time = {
-                        .hour = 12,
-                        .min = 30,
-                        .sec = 15,
-                        .hundredths = 5
-                    },
-                    .Value = {
-                        .tag = BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_UNSIGNED_INT,
-                        .type = {
-                            .Unsigned_Int = 15,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-                {
-                    .Time = {
-                        .hour = 16,
-                        .min = 1,
-                        .sec = 2,
-                        .hundredths = 3
-                    },
-                    .Value = {
-                        .tag = BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_UNSIGNED_INT,
-                        .type = {
-                            .Unsigned_Int = 0,
-                        },
-                    }
-                },
-            }
-        },
-        .priority = 5,
-    };
+    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = { 0 };
     BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT out = { 0 };
 
+    in.periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_REFERENCE;
+    in.period.calendarReference.instance = 5;
+    in.period.calendarReference.type = OBJECT_CALENDAR;
+    in.timeValues.TV_Count = 2;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Time.hour = 12;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Time.min = 30;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Time.sec = 15;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Time.hundredths = 5;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Value.tag =
+        BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_UNSIGNED_INT;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[0].Value.type.Unsigned_Int = 15;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Time.hour = 16;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Time.min = 1;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Time.sec = 2;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Time.hundredths = 3;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Value.tag =
+        BACNET_APPLICATION_TAG_UNSIGNED_INT;
+    in.timeValues.Time_Values[1].Value.type.Unsigned_Int = 0;
+    in.priority = 5;
+
     len = bacnet_special_event_encode(apdu, &in);
     null_len = bacnet_special_event_encode(NULL, &in);
     zassert_equal(len, null_len, NULL);
@@ -152,29 +130,18 @@ static void test_BACnetSpecialEvent_Date(void)
     int len, apdu_len, null_len;
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
 
-    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = {
-        .periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY,
-        .period = {
-            .calendarEntry = {
-                .tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_DATE,
-                .type = {
-                    .Date = {
-                        .year = 2155,
-                        .month = 10,
-                        .day = 0xff,
-                        .wday = 0xff,
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        .timeValues = {
-            .TV_Count = 0,
-            .Time_Values = { 0 }
-        },
-        .priority = 16,
-    };
+    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = { 0 };
     BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT out = { 0 };
 
+    in.periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_DATE;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.Date.year = 2155;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.Date.month = 10;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.Date.day = 0xff;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.Date.wday = 0xff;
+    in.timeValues.TV_Count = 0;
+    in.priority = 16;
+
     len = bacnet_special_event_encode(apdu, &in);
     null_len = bacnet_special_event_encode(NULL, &in);
     zassert_equal(len, null_len, NULL);
@@ -212,38 +179,22 @@ static void test_BACnetSpecialEvent_DateRange(void)
 {
     int len, apdu_len, null_len;
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
-
-    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = {
-        .periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY,
-        .period = {
-            .calendarEntry = {
-                .tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_DATE_RANGE,
-                .type = {
-                    .DateRange = {
-                        .startdate = {
-                            .day = 1,
-                            .month = 12,
-                            .year = 2155,
-                            .wday = 0xff,
-                        },
-                        .enddate = {
-                            .day = 31,
-                            .month = 12,
-                            .year = 2155,
-                            .wday = 0xff,
-                        },
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        .timeValues = {
-            .TV_Count = 0,
-            .Time_Values = { 0 }
-        },
-        .priority = 0,
-    };
+    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = { 0 };
     BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT out = { 0 };
 
+    in.periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_DATE_RANGE;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.startdate.year = 2155;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.startdate.month = 12;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.startdate.day = 1;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.startdate.wday = 0xff;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.enddate.year = 2155;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.enddate.month = 12;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.enddate.day = 31;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.DateRange.enddate.wday = 0xff;
+    in.timeValues.TV_Count = 0;
+    in.priority = 0;
+
     len = bacnet_special_event_encode(apdu, &in);
     null_len = bacnet_special_event_encode(NULL, &in);
     zassert_equal(len, null_len, NULL);
@@ -296,29 +247,17 @@ static void test_BACnetSpecialEvent_WeekNDate(void)
 {
     int len, apdu_len, null_len;
     uint8_t apdu[MAX_APDU] = { 0 };
-
-    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = {
-        .periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY,
-        .period = {
-            .calendarEntry = {
-                .tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_WEEK_N_DAY,
-                .type = {
-                    .WeekNDay = {
-                        .month = 0xff,
-                        .dayofweek = 1, /* mondays */
-                        .weekofmonth = 0xff,
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        .timeValues = {
-            .TV_Count = 0,
-            .Time_Values = { 0 }
-        },
-        .priority = 16,
-    };
+    BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT in = { 0 };
     BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT out = { 0 };
 
+    in.periodTag = BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT_PERIOD_CALENDAR_ENTRY;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.tag = BACNET_CALENDAR_WEEK_N_DAY;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.WeekNDay.month = 0xff;
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.WeekNDay.dayofweek = 1; /* mondays */
+    in.period.calendarEntry.type.WeekNDay.weekofmonth = 0xff;
+    in.timeValues.TV_Count = 0;
+    in.priority = 16;
+
     len = bacnet_special_event_encode(apdu, &in);
     null_len = bacnet_special_event_encode(NULL, &in);
     zassert_equal(len, null_len, NULL);
@@ -350,7 +289,7 @@ ZTEST(BACnetSpecialEvent_tests, test_BACnetSpecialEvent_DecodeRealAPDU)
 static void test_BACnetSpecialEvent_DecodeRealAPDU(void)
 #endif
 {
-    int len, apdu_len;
+    int apdu_len;
     BACNET_SPECIAL_EVENT out = { 0 };
     uint8_t sample[18] = {
         0x0e, 0x0c, 0xff, 0x0a, 0x1c, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x2e, 0xb4,
diff --git a/test/bacnet/weeklyschedule/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/weeklyschedule/src/main.c
index 1b10c8f6..2fef3a77 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/weeklyschedule/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/weeklyschedule/src/main.c
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ static void test_BACnetWeeklySchedule(void)
     BACNET_WEEKLY_SCHEDULE empty_value = { 0 };
     BACNET_WEEKLY_SCHEDULE value = { 0 };
     BACNET_WEEKLY_SCHEDULE decoded = { 0 };
-    int diff = 0;
     bool status = false;
     uint8_t tag_number = 0;
 
diff --git a/test/bacnet/wpm/src/main.c b/test/bacnet/wpm/src/main.c
index bcb34c2e..8a29a1fc 100644
--- a/test/bacnet/wpm/src/main.c
+++ b/test/bacnet/wpm/src/main.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ static int wpm_decode_apdu(uint8_t *apdu, unsigned apdu_len, uint8_t *invoke_id)
 {
     int len = 0;
 
+    (void)apdu_len;
     if (!apdu) {
         return BACNET_STATUS_ERROR;
     }
diff --git a/test/ztest/include/zephyr/tc_util.h b/test/ztest/include/zephyr/tc_util.h
index dd23f720..451e9637 100644
--- a/test/ztest/include/zephyr/tc_util.h
+++ b/test/ztest/include/zephyr/tc_util.h
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ static inline void test_time_ms(void)
 	uint32_t spend_cycle = k_cycle_get_32() - tc_start_time;
 
 	tc_spend_time = k_cyc_to_ms_ceil32(spend_cycle);
+#else
+	tc_spend_time = 0;
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/test/ztest/include/zephyr/ztest_assert.h b/test/ztest/include/zephyr/ztest_assert.h
index 216bcc19..db9d4b51 100644
--- a/test/ztest/include/zephyr/ztest_assert.h
+++ b/test/ztest/include/zephyr/ztest_assert.h
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ static inline bool z_zassert(bool cond,
 	bool _ret = z_zassert(cond, msg ? ("(" default_msg ")") : (default_msg), \
 			     __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__, \
 			     msg ? msg : "", ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+	(void)_ret; \
 } while (0)
 
 /**